Person: Chorus, Ingrid
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Ingrid
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Veröffentlichung Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistances in the Environment(2018) Adler, Nicole; Balzer, Frederike; Blondzik, Katrin; Brauer, Frank; Chorus, Ingrid; Ebert, Ina; Fiedler, Traute; Förster, Christina; Heidemeier, Joachim; Grummt, Tamara; Hein, Arne; Helmecke, Manuela; Hilliges, Falk; Kirst, Ingo; Konradi, Sabine; Klasen, Jutta; Küster, Anette; Krause, Bernd; Pirntke, Ulrike; Roskosch, Andrea; Schönfeld, Jens; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Straff, Wolfgang; Szewzyk, Regine; Westphal-Settele, Kathi; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtEnvironmental aspects have so far only partially been addressed in the discussion of antimicrobial resistance. To bring this issue into focus, UBA compiled background information and data on the topic 'Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the environment'. The results show that previously considered requirements for reduction, from the perspective of UBA, are insufficient to adequately protect health and the environment. UBA sees urgent need for improvement and proposes possible options for action.Veröffentlichung Combating cyanobacterial proliferation by avoiding or treating inflows with high P load ̶ experiences from eight case studies(2015) Abella, Sally E. B.; Chorus, Ingrid; Litt, Arni; Fastner, Jutta; Morabito, Giuseppe; Voeroes, Lajos; Pálffy, Károly; Straile, Dietmar; Kümmerlin, Reiner; Matthews, David; Phillips, M. GeoffIncreased external nutrient loads of anthropogenic origin, especially those of phosphorus (P), were one of the major causes of eutrophication during the first half of the twentieth century in Europe. They led to deterioration of lake ecosystems, particularly including noxious blooms of (potentially toxic) cyanobacteria. From the 1970-1980s, strategies to decrease the phosphorus loads from sewage were increasingly implemented, among them are the ban of phosphates in detergents, the expansion of sewer systems and improvement in wastewater treatment to remove nutrients. Case studies of eight lakes, whose response to point source reduction of phosphorus was observed over decades, show that a pronounced reduction of the phosphorus load from point sources can be achieved either by the diversion of inflows carrying high loads, by upgraded sewage treatment, or by phosphorus precipitation in the major tributary directly before its inflow into the water body. Outcomes demonstrate that in order to effectively control cyanobacterial blooms, the measures taken need to reduce in-lake concentrations of total phosphorus below 20-50 Ţg L-1, with this threshold varying somewhat between lakes depending in particular on hydromorphological and biological conditions. Whether and when load reduction succeeds in controlling cyanobacteria depends primarily on the load remaining after remediation and on the water residence time.
Quelle: http://link.springer.com/Veröffentlichung Fatal neurotoxicosis in dogs associated with tychoplanktic, anatoxin-a producing tychonema sp. in mesotrophic Lake Tegel, Berlin(2018) Beulker, Camilla; Chorus, Ingrid; Fastner, JuttaIn May 2017, at least 12 dogs showed signs of acute neurotoxicosis after swimming in or drinking from Lake Tegel, a mesotrophic lake in Berlin, Germany, and several of the affected dogs died shortly afterwards despite intensive veterinary treatment. Cyanobacterial blooms were not visible at the water surface or the shorelines. However, detached and floating water moss (Fontinalis antipyretica) with high amounts of Tychonema sp., a potential anatoxin-a (ATX) producing cyanobacterium, was found near the beaches where the dogs had been swimming and playing. Necropsies of two of the dogs revealed no specific lesions beside the anamnestic neurotoxicosis. ATX was detected in concentrations up to 8700 Ìg Lâ Ì1 in the stomach contents, while other (neuro)toxic substances were not found. In the aqueous fraction of Fontinalis/Tychonema clumps sampled after the casualties, ATX was found in concentrations up to 1870 Ìg Lâ Ì1. This is the first report of a dense population of Tychonema sp. in stands of Fontinalis resulting in high ATX contents. This case emphasizes the need for further investigation of potentially toxic, non-bloom forming cyanobacteria in less eutrophic water bodies and underlines the novel challenge of developing appropriate surveillance schemes for respective bathing sites. Quelle: https://www.mdpi.comVeröffentlichung Nitrogen Limitation Promotes Accumulation and Suppresses Release of Cylindrospermopsins in Cells of Aphanizomenon Sp.(2014) Preußel, Karina; Chorus, Ingrid; Fastner, JuttaAs the biosynthesis of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is assumed to depend on nitrogen availability, this study investigated the impact of nitrogen availability on intra- and extracellular CYN and deoxy-CYN (D-CYN) contents in three Aphanizomenon strains from temperate waters. Nitrogen deficient (-N) cultures showed a prolonged growth phase and intracellular toxin accumulation by a factor of 2-6. In contrast, cultures with additional nitrate supply (+N) did not accumulate CYN within the cells. Instead, the maximum conceivable CYN release estimated for dead cells (identified by SYTOX® Green staining) was much lower than the concentrations of dissolved CYN actually observed, suggesting these cultures actively release CYN from intact cells. Furthermore, we found remarkably altered proportions of CYN to D-CYN: as batch cultures grew, the proportion of D-CYN increased by up to 40% in +N medium, whereas D-CYN remained constant or decreased slightly in -N medium. Since +N cultures showed similar toxin patterns as -P cultures with increased extracellular CYNs and higher proportion of D-CYN we conclude that nitrogen limitation may affect the way the cells economize resources, especially the yield from phosphorus pools, and that this has an impact on CYN production and release. For water management, these result imply that nutrient availability not only determines the abundance of potentially CYN-producing cyanobacteria, but also the amount of extracellular CYNs (challenging drinking-water treatment) as well as the ratio of D-CYN to CYN (affecting toxicity).
Quelle: http://www.mdpi.com/Veröffentlichung Cylindrospermopsin toxicity in mice following a 90-d oral exposure(2018) Chernoff, Neil; Hill, D.J.; Chorus, IngridCylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a toxin associated with numerous species of freshwater cyanobacteria throughout the world. It is postulated to have caused an episode of serious illnesses in Australia through treated drinking water, as well as lethal effects in livestock exposed to water from farm ponds. Toxicity included effects indicative of both hepatic and renal dysfunction. In humans, symptoms progressed from initial hepatomegaly, vomiting, and malaise to acidosis and hypokalemia, bloody diarrhea, and hyperemia in mucous membranes. Laboratory animal studies predominantly involved the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route of administration and confirmed this pattern of toxicity with changes in liver enzyme activities and histopathology consistent with hepatic injury and adverse renal effects. The aim of this study was designed to assess subchronic oral exposure (90 d) of purified CYN from 75 to 300 Ìg/kg/d in mouse. At the end of the dosing period, examinations of animals noted (1) elevated organ to body weight ratios of liver and kidney at all dose levels, (2) treatment-related increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, (3) decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cholesterol concentrations in males, and (4) elevated monocyte counts in both genders. Histopathological alterations included hepatocellular hypertrophy and cord disruption in the liver, as well as renal cellular hypertrophy, tubule dilation, and cortical tubule lesions that were more prominent in males. A series of genes were differentially expressed including Bax (apoptosis), Rpl6 (tissue regeneration), Fabp4 (fatty acid metabolism), and Proc (blood coagulation). Males were more sensitive to many renal end points suggestive of toxicity. At the end of exposure, toxicity was noted at all dose levels, and the 75 Ìg/kg group exhibited significant effects in liver and kidney/body weight ratios, reduced BUN, increased serum monocytes, and multiple signs of histopathology indicating that a no-observed-adverse-effect level could not be determined for any dose level. Quelle: https://www.tandfonline.comVeröffentlichung Zentrum für Wasser- und Chemikalienforschung Berlin-Marienfelde(2014) Chorus, Ingrid; Rechenberg, Bettina; Eisenträger, Adolf; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtAuf dem Versuchsfeld des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) in Berlin-Marienfelde wird die komplexe Realität wesentlicher Komponenten des Wasserkreislaufs abgebildet. Das erlaubt eine Beherrschung der Bedingungen sowie eine definierte Dosierung der zu untersuchenden Stoffe oder Mikroorganismen und damit eine bessere Bilanzierung ihres Verbleibs. Die Technik bildet die Brücke zwischen Laborexperiment und Freilandversuchen. Die Verknüpfung zwischen den technischen Einrichtungen und der Ressortforschung mit dem Hauptziel der Politikberatung stellt ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal des Umweltbundesamtes dar.Zu den Technika des UBA gehören:die Fließ- und Stillgewässer-Simulationsanlage (FSA)die Simulationsanlagen für Ufer- und Langsam- sandfiltration (SIMULAF) im Aquiferdie Lysimeteranlage zur Simulation der Boden- passageder Teststand zur Wirksamkeitsprüfung von Trinkwasser-DesinfektionsverfahrenAnschluss zur Gewinnung von Rohabwasser aus dem Berliner Kanalnetz.Veröffentlichung Antibiotika und Antibiotikaresistenzen in der Umwelt(2018) Adler, Nicole; Balzer, Frederike; Blondzik, Katrin; Brauer, Frank; Chorus, Ingrid; Ebert, Ina; Fiedler, Traute; Förster, Christina; Heidemeier, Joachim; Grummt, Tamara; Hein, Arne; Helmecke, Manuela; Hilliges, Falk; Kirst, Ingo; Konradi, Sabine; Klasen, Jutta; Küster, Anette; Krause, Bernd; Pirntke, Ulrike; Roskosch, Andrea; Schönfeld, Jens; Selinka, Hans-Christoph; Straff, Wolfgang; Szewzyk, Regine; Westphal-Settele, Kathi; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtDie Rolle der Umwelt wird bei der Entwicklung von Antibiotikaresistenzen bisher nur ansatzweise diskutiert. Um dieses Thema in den Focus zu bringen, veröffentlicht das UBA eine Zusammenstellung von Hintergründen und Daten zu dem Thema "Antibiotika und Antibiotikaresistenzen in der Umwelt". Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die bisher berücksichtigten Anforderungen zur Minderung aus Sicht des UBA nicht reichen, um Umwelt und Gesundheit ausreichend zu schützen. Das UBA sieht dringenden Nachbesserungsbedarf und schlägt mögliche Handlungsoptionen vor.