Person: Treu, Gabriele
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Gabriele
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Veröffentlichung Ecological and spatial variations of legacy and emerging contaminants in white-tailed sea eagles from Germany: implications for prioritisation and future risk management(2022) Badry, Alexander; Gkotsis, Georgios; Treu, GabrieleThe increasing use of chemicals in the European Union (EU) has resulted in environmental emissions and wildlifeexposures. For approving a chemical within the EU, producers need to conduct an environmental risk assessment,which typically relies on data generated under laboratory conditions without considering the ecological andlandscape context. To address this gap and add information on emerging contaminants and chemical mixtures,we analysed 30 livers of white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from northern Germany with highresolution-mass spectrometry coupled to liquid and gas chromatography for the identification of >2400 con-taminants. We then modelled the influence of trophic position (δ15N), habitat (δ13C) and landscape on chemicalresidues and screened for persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties using an in silico model tounravel mismatches between predicted PBT properties and observed exposures. Despite having generally lowPBT scores, most detected contaminants were medicinal products with oxfendazole and salicylamide being mostfrequent. Chemicals of the Stockholm Convention such as 4,4â€2-DDE and PCBs were present in all samples belowtoxicity thresholds. Among PFAS, especially PFOS showed elevated concentrations compared to other studies. Incontrast, PFCA levels were low and increased with δ15N, which indicated an increase with preying on piscivorousspecies. Among plant protection products, spiroxamine and simazine were frequently detected with increasingconcentrations in agricultural landscapes. The in silico model has proven to be reliable for predicting PBTproperties for most chemicals. However, chemical exposures in apex predators are complex and do not solely relyon intrinsic chemical properties but also on other factors such as ecology and landscape. We therefore recom-mend that ecological contexts, mixture toxicities, and chemical monitoring data should be more frequentlyconsidered in regulatory risk assessments, e.g. in a weight of evidence approach, to trigger risk managementmeasures before adverse effects in individuals or populations start to manifest. © 2021 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in European apex predators and their prey by LC-QToF MS wide-scope target analysis(2022) Gkotsis, Georgios; Badry, Alexander; Nika, Maria-Christina; Claßen, Daniela; Nikolopoulou, Varvara; Drost, Wiebke; Koschorreck, Jan; Treu, GabrieleApex predators are good indicators of environmental pollution since they are relatively long-lived and their high trophic position and spatiotemporal exposure to chemicals provides insights into the persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties of chemicals. Although monitoring data from apex predators can considerably support chemicalsâ€Ì management, there is a lack of pan-European studies, and longer-term monitoring of chemicals in organisms from higher trophic levels. The present study investigated the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in 67 freshwater, marine and terrestrial apex predators and in freshwater and marine prey, gathered from four European countries. Generic sample preparation protocols for the extraction of CECs with a broad range of physicochemical properties and the purification of the extracts were used. The analysis was performed utilizing liquid (LC) chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), while the acquired chromatograms were screened for the presence of more than 2,200 CECs through wide-scope target analysis. In total, 145 CECs were determined in the apex predator and their prey samples belonging in different categories, such as pharmaceuticals, plant protection products, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, their metabolites and transformation products. Higher concentration levels were measured in predators compared to prey, suggesting that biomagnification of chemicals through the food chain occurs. The compounds were prioritized for further regulatory risk assessment based on their frequency of detection and their concentration levels. The majority of the prioritized CECs were lipophilic, although the presence of more polar contaminants should not be neglected. This indicates that holistic analytical approaches are required to fully characterize the chemical universe of biota samples. Therefore, the present survey is an attempt to systematically investigate the presence of thousands of chemicals at a European level, aiming to use these data for better chemicals management and contribute to EU Zero Pollution Ambition. © 2022 The Authors.