Person: Treu, Gabriele
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Veröffentlichung Health effects from contaminant exposure in Baltic Sea birds and marine mammals(2020) Sonne, Christian; Siebert, Ursula; Gonnsen, Katharina; Treu, GabrieleHere we review contaminant exposure and related health effects in six selected Baltic key species. Sentinel species included are common eider, white-tailed eagle, harbour porpoise, harbour seal, ringed seal and grey seal. The review represents the first attempt of summarizing available information and baseline data for these biomonitoring key species exposed to industrial hazardous substances focusing on anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). There was only limited information available for white-tailed eagles and common eider while extensive information exist on POP exposure and health effects in the four marine mammal species. Here we report organ-tissue endpoints (pathologies) and multiple biomarkers used to evaluate health and exposure of key species to POPs, respectively, over the past several decades during which episodes of significant population declines have been reported. Our review shows that POP exposure affects the reproductive system and survival through immune suppression and endocrine disruption, which have led to population-level effects on seals and white-tailed eagles in the Baltic. It is notable that many legacy contaminants, which have been banned for decades, still appear to affect Baltic wildlife. With respect to common eiders, changes in food composition, quality and contaminant exposure seem to have population effects which need to be investigated further, especially during the incubation period where the birds fast. Since new industrial contaminants continuously leak into the environment, we recommend continued monitoring of them in sentinel species in the Baltic, identifying possible effects linked to climate change, and modelling of population level effects of contaminants and climate change. © 2020 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Ecological and spatial variations of legacy and emerging contaminants in white-tailed sea eagles from Germany: implications for prioritisation and future risk management(2022) Badry, Alexander; Gkotsis, Georgios; Treu, GabrieleThe increasing use of chemicals in the European Union (EU) has resulted in environmental emissions and wildlifeexposures. For approving a chemical within the EU, producers need to conduct an environmental risk assessment,which typically relies on data generated under laboratory conditions without considering the ecological andlandscape context. To address this gap and add information on emerging contaminants and chemical mixtures,we analysed 30 livers of white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from northern Germany with highresolution-mass spectrometry coupled to liquid and gas chromatography for the identification of >2400 con-taminants. We then modelled the influence of trophic position (δ15N), habitat (δ13C) and landscape on chemicalresidues and screened for persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties using an in silico model tounravel mismatches between predicted PBT properties and observed exposures. Despite having generally lowPBT scores, most detected contaminants were medicinal products with oxfendazole and salicylamide being mostfrequent. Chemicals of the Stockholm Convention such as 4,4â€2-DDE and PCBs were present in all samples belowtoxicity thresholds. Among PFAS, especially PFOS showed elevated concentrations compared to other studies. Incontrast, PFCA levels were low and increased with δ15N, which indicated an increase with preying on piscivorousspecies. Among plant protection products, spiroxamine and simazine were frequently detected with increasingconcentrations in agricultural landscapes. The in silico model has proven to be reliable for predicting PBTproperties for most chemicals. However, chemical exposures in apex predators are complex and do not solely relyon intrinsic chemical properties but also on other factors such as ecology and landscape. We therefore recom-mend that ecological contexts, mixture toxicities, and chemical monitoring data should be more frequentlyconsidered in regulatory risk assessments, e.g. in a weight of evidence approach, to trigger risk managementmeasures before adverse effects in individuals or populations start to manifest. © 2021 The Authors