Person: Lukas, Marcus
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1982
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Lukas
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Marcus
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Veröffentlichung Microplastics in the Danube River Basin: a first comprehensive screening with harmonized analytical approach(2022) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Bednarz, Marius; Kerndorf, Alexander; Lukas, Marcus; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasIn this study, carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4, a comprehensive microplastic screening in the water column within a large European river basin from its source to estuary, including major tributaries, was realized. The objective was to develop principles of a systematic and practicable microplastic monitoring strategy using sedimentation boxes for collection of suspended particulate matter followed by its subsequent analysis using thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 18 sampling sites in the Danube River Basin were investigated. The obtained suspended particulate matter samples were subdivided into the fractions of >100 mikrom and <100 mikrom and subsequently analyzed for microplastic mass contents. The results showed that microplastics were detected in all samples, with polyethylene being the predominant polymer with maximum contents of 22.24 mikrog/mg, 3.23 mikrog/mg for polystyrene, 1.03 mikrog/mg for styrene-butadiene-rubber, and 0.45 mikrog/mg for polypropylene. Further, polymers such as different sorts of polyester, polyacrylates, polylactide, and natural rubber were not detected or below the detection limit. Additional investigations on possible interference of polyethylene signals by algae-derived fatty acids were assessed. In the context of targeted monitoring, repeated measurements provide more certainty in the interpretation of the results for the individual sites. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the chosen approach using an integrative sampling and determination of total plastic content proved to be successful. © 2022 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung A new concept for the ecotoxicological assessment of plastics under consideration of aging processes(2023) Kittner, Maria; Isernhinke, Lisa; Altmann, Korinna; Braun, Ulrike; Lukas, MarcusMicroplastics are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, but up tonow less is known about (eco)toxicological impacts under realistic conditions. Researchso far has focused mainly on impacts on organisms by fresh, single-origin plasticfragments or beads. However, plastics found in the environment are complex incomposition, this means different polymer types and sources, with and withoutadditives and in all stages of age, and therefore, in a more or less advanced stage ofdegradation. For oxidized degradation products that might be released from plasticmaterials during aging, there is a lack of information on potentially adverse effects onaquatic biota. The latter is of particular interest as oxidized degradation products mightbecome more water soluble due to higher polarity and are more bioavailable, therefore.The present study focused on plastic leachates of polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid(PLA), which were derived from alternating stress by hydrolysis and ultraviolet (UV)radiation-representing a realistic scenario in the environment. Test specimens of PS,PLA, or a PLA/PS layer (each 50%) were alternately exposed to UV radiation for 5 daysfollowed by hydrolysis for 2 days, for several weeks alternating. Ecotoxicological effectsof the storage water (artificial freshwater) of the test specimens and additionally, in asecond experimental setup, the effects of five potential polymer degradation productswere detected by 72 h algae growth inhibition tests withDesmodesmus subspicatus.Results clearly indicate inhibitory effects on algae growth by contaminants in thestorage water of stressed plastics with increasing growth inhibition of proceedinghydrolysis and UV stress times. Different polymers caused variable inhibitions of algaegrowth with stronger inhibitions by PS and less effects by PLA and the mixed layer ofboth. Moreover, not microplastic particles but the resulting dissolved degradationproducts after aging caused theecotoxicological effectsââą Ìwith strong effects by theoxidized degradation products. The existing data highlight the relevance of plastic agingas a framework for microplastic ecotoxicity evaluation and allow a proof of concept. © 2023 The Authors.Veröffentlichung Konzeptvorschlag für die Auswahl zu untersuchender Mikroverunreinigungen in kommunalen Abwässern mittels physiko-chemischer Untersuchungsverfahren(2022) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Lukas, Marcus; Bachem, Gunnar; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, Mathias