Person: Kuhn, Carola
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Veröffentlichung Bettwanzen - Erkennen, Vorbeugen, Bekämpfen(2017) Kuhn, Carola; Vander Pan, Arlette; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtVeröffentlichung Detection of target-site and metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in the bed bug Cimex lectularius in Berlin, Germany(2020) Kuhn, Carola; Schmolz, Eric; Vander Pan, ArletteKnockdown-resistance (kdr) against pyrethroids in bed bugs (Cimex lectularis) is associated with the presence of several point mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel ÎÌ-subunit gene and/or an increased metabolic detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). In the present study, pyrosequencing assays were developed to quantify the presence of the kdr substitutions (V419L or L925I substitution) in bed bugs in Berlin, Germany. In 14 of 17 bed bug field strains, pyrosequencing revealed the presence of the substitution L925I with allele frequencies between 30% and 100%. One field strain additionally carried the substitution V419L with allele frequencies of 40% in males and 96% in females. In seven of the 17 field strains, mRNA levels of four CYP genes were examined using RT-qPCR. Relative to a susceptible laboratory reference strain, five field strains showed significantly higher mRNA levels of cyp397a1 with 7.1 to 56-fold increases. One of these strains additionally showed a 4.9-fold higher mRNA level of cyp398a1 compared to the reference strain, while cyp4cm1 and cyp6dn1 showed no significant differences. Our findings indicate that multiple resistance mechanisms are present in German C. lectularius populations simultaneously. © 2020 The AuthorsVeröffentlichung Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen auf Vektor- und Nagetier-assoziierte Infektionskrankheiten(2023) Beermann, Sandra; Dobler, Gerhard; Faber, Mirko; Habedank, Birgit; Kuhn, Carola; Schmolz, ErikHintergrund: Endemische wie auch importierte Vektor- und Nagetier-übertragene Infektionserreger können mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert sein. Daher sind Vektor- und Nagetier-assoziierte Erkrankungen des Menschen und deren mögliche Beeinflussung durch klimatische Veränderungen ein wichtiges Thema für die öffentliche Gesundheit. Methode: Für diese Übersichtsarbeit wurde die Literatur entsprechend der thematisierten Aspekte identifiziert, ausgewertet und durch Meldedaten für Deutschland ergänzt. Ergebnisse: Faktoren wie höhere Temperaturen, veränderte Niederschlagsmuster und das Verhalten der Menschen können die Epidemiologie von Vektor- und Nagetier-assoziierten Infektionskrankheiten in Deutschland beeinflussen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Auswirkungen von klimatischen Veränderungen auf die Ausbreitung der Vektor- und Nagetierassoziierten Infektionskrankheiten müssen im Detail weiter untersucht und bei Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden. Quelle: Journal of health monitoring / Robert Koch-Institut - 8 (2023), Heft S3, Seite 36Veröffentlichung "Die Unwissenheit der Leute trägt zur Ausbreitung bei!"(2014) Kuhn, CarolaVeröffentlichung Auswirkungen von Klimaveränderungen auf Vektor- und Nagetier-assoziierte Infektionskrankheiten(2023) Beermann, Sandra; Dobler, Gerhard; Faber, Mirko; Habedank, Birgit; Kuhn, Carola; Schmolz, ErikVeröffentlichung First mass development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)̶its surveillance and control in Germany(2017) Becker, Norbert; Schön, Stefanie; Klein, Alexandra-Maria; Kuhn, CarolaThe Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus has undergone a dramatic expansion of its range in the last few decades. Since its first detection in 2007 in Germany at the motorway A5 coming from Italy via Switzerland to Germany, it has been continuously introduced by vehicles, most probably from Italy. After a hint from an alert gardener in an allotment garden area in Freiburg, Southwest Germany, in 2015, a surveillance programme was started focusing on the garden area and adjacent areas as well as most of the cemeteries as potential infestation areas. The surveillance programme confirmed a high infestation of the allotment garden. The container index (CI) exceeded almost 30% in August 2015. In lethal gravid Aedes traps (GATs) and BG-Sentinel traps, 4038 adults were caught. It could be proven that the Aedes population is more or less still spatially restricted to the allotment garden area which is adjacent to a train station where trucks from Novara, Italy, arrive loaded on trains. Outside the garden area, only a few breeding sites with developmental stages and adults were found within a radius of approximately 600 m from the highly infested garden area. It is most likely that Ae. albopictus females are constantly introduced as ĺblind passengers̷ to Freiburg via trucks from Italy to Freiburg, Germany. After the first detection of the mass development of Ae. albopictus immediate and comprehensive control measures were initiated to reduce or even eliminate the Aedes population. Citizen awareness, especially of the gardeners, was increased by providing thorough information about the biology and control of Ae. albopictus. Beside environmental management, tablets based on Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) were applied. The success of the control activities by the gardeners is reflected by the data gained during monthly inspection of the garden plots. The number of gardens without any container increased from 17% in July to 22% in August and 35% in September, 2015, resulting in a successful reduction of the Ae. albopictus population. The study underlines the importance of a comprehensive surveillance programme to assess the population density of Ae. albopictus as a basis for integrated control activities. Quelle: http://link.springer.comVeröffentlichung A novel simulated-use test for determining the efficacy of insecticides against bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)(2019) Kuhn, Carola; Krücken, Jürgen; Schmolz, Eric; Vander Pan, ArletteThe common bed bug Cimex lectularius L. has undergone a worldwide expansion in recent years, due to increased opportunities for dispersal and development of insecticide resistance. For successful control, efficacy testing of products against bed bugs and determination of insecticide resistance under practical conditions are of outstanding importance. A new test system mimicking the practical use situation of residual insecticides was developed and evaluated. Bed bugs were attracted by CO2 and heat to cross surfaces treated with alpha-cypermethrin and bendiocarb. In contrast to the complete efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin (less than 1% surviving bed bugs [with one exception of 5%]), only 45.3, 46, and 29% of insecticide-susceptible bed bugs showed lethal damage 7 d after contact with freshly bendiocarb-treated wallpaper or insecticide aged for 1 or 2 wk. Results show that the efficacy of different insecticides can be assessed with this new test system. Moreover, susceptibility to deltamethrin of five bed bug field strains, collected from infested apartments in Berlin, Germany, was determined in a filter paper contact bioassay. Resistance ratios (RRs) ranged between 4.3 and 20.7. In the novel simulated-use test, efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin was tested against the bed bug strain with the highest RR. In contrast to the insecticide-susceptible laboratory strain, alpha-cypermethrin was not effective against the field strain, where 26-50% of the bed bugs survived and even laid eggs. These results provide evidence for the presence of practically relevant pyrethroid resistance in bed bugs in Germany. © The Author(s) 2019Veröffentlichung Die Bekämpfung von Gesundheitsschädlingen - Neues zur Anerkennung von Mitteln und Verfahren nach § 18 Infektionsschutzgesetz(2020) Kuhn, Carola; Rothe, Bettina; Schmolz, ErikGlobale Veränderungen beeinflussen auch das Vorkommen und die Verbreitung von Gesundheitsschädlingen, Krätzmilben und Kopfläusen. Eine Bekämpfung bei behördlich angeordneten Maßnahmen in Deutschland wird durch das Infektionsschutzgesetz (IfSG) geregelt. Unter anderem dürfen bei angeordneten Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen nur Mittel und Verfahren verwendet werden, die in einer entsprechenden Liste gemäß § 18 IfSG aufgeführt sind. Durch die Novellierung des IfSG ist das Listungsverfahren neu geregelt worden. Wesentliche Änderungen sind die Veröffentlichung der Liste im Internet mit der Möglichkeit einer raschen Aktualisierung, die Berücksichtigung bestehender Zulassungen von Bioziden, Pflanzenschutzmitteln und Arzneimitteln für den Listungsprozess und die Regelung der Aberkennung aufgrund neuer Tatsachen und Erkenntnisse. In der aktuellen Liste finden sich nun auch Medikamente gegen Skabies, Insektizide gegen Stechmücken zur Anwendung im Flugzeug und nicht-chemische Verfahren zur Nagetierbekämpfung. Quelle: UMID : Umwelt und Mensch - Informationsdienst ; Umwelt & Gesundheit, Umweltmedizin, Verbraucherschutz / Boden- und Lufthygiene (Berlin) Institut für Wasser- - (2020), Heft 1, Seite 95Veröffentlichung Den Klimawandel gesundheitlich meistern!(2020) Bunz, Maxie; Geduhn, Anke; Habedank, Birgit; Höflich, Conny; Kuhn, Carola; Mücke, Hans-Guido; Szewzyk, Regine; Deutschland. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare SicherheitVeröffentlichung Impact of climate change on vector- and rodent-borne infectious diseases(2023) Beermann, Sandra; Dobler, Gerhard; Faber, Mirko; Habedank, Birgit; Kuhn, Carola; Schmolz, ErikBackground: Endemic and imported vector- and rodent-borne infectious agents can be linked to high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, vector- and rodent-borne human diseases and the effects of climate change are important public health issues. Methods: For this review, the relevant literature was identified and evaluated according to the thematic aspects and supplemented with an analysis of surveillance data for Germany. Results: Factors such as increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and human behaviour may influence the epidemiology of vector- and rodent-borne infectious diseases in Germany. Conclusions: The effects of climatic changes on the spread of vector- and rodent-borne infectious diseases need to be further studied in detail and considered in the context of climate adaptation measures. Quelle: Journal of health monitoring / Robert Koch-Institut. - 8 (2023), Heft S3, page 33