Person: Bandow, Nicole
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Bandow
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Nicole
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Veröffentlichung Long-term data for PFAS in soils from German ecosystems, including TOP assay(2023) Bandow, Nicole; Koschorreck, Jan; Wellmitz, JörgIn this study, soil top layers from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) covering a period from 2002 to 2018 and 11 sampling sites representing four ecosystem types were analysed for 24 PFAS (11 PFCA, 7 PFSA, and 6 precursors), including the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. Median (Sigma)PFAS levels before and after TOP assay ranged from 0.31 to 19.7 (micro)g/kg dry weight (dw) and 0.32 to 20.4 (micro)g/kg dw, respectively. The most frequently measured PFAS above LOQ were PFOS and PFOA, which were present at concentrations above 0.1 (micro)g/kg dw in each sample. Both accounted, on average, for half to two-thirds of the total identified PFAS load at most sites. The investigated samples from the near-natural and forestry ecosystem types each had significantly higher PFAS levels than those from the urban-industrial ecosystem type, while samples from the agricultural ecosystem type did not differ distinctly from the others. Increases of median ΣPFAS levels after TOP assay ranged up to slightly >20 %, indicating that precursor compounds do not play a major role in the substance spectrum of German ESB soil samples from different ecosystem types. Total organic carbon (TOC) content in analysed samples ranged from about 1 % in sandy soil to >40 % in litter layer and showed a strong positive correlation with PFAS concentrations. It is therefore highly recommended that TOC content is reported along with PFAS levels in soils. PFAS trend analysis for nine sampling sites before and after TOP assay showed that concentration levels at most sites have remained more or less stable for the sampled period of almost two decades. The constant PFAS levels in soil samples indicate that PFOS and PFOA regulations have not yet had a positive effect on the exposure situation in this environmental compartment. ©2023 The Authors.Veröffentlichung Using environmental simulations to test the release of hazardous substances from polymer-based products: Are Rrealism and pragmatism mutually exclusive objectives?(2020) Aitken, Michael D.; Bandow, Nicole; Geburtig, AnjaThe potential release of hazardous substances from polymer-based products is currently in the focus of environmental policy. Environmental simulations are applied to expose such products to selected aging conditions and to investigate release processes. Commonly applied aging exposure types such as solar and UV radiation in combination with water contact, corrosive gases, and soil contact as well as expected general effects on polymers and additional ingredients of polymer-based products are described. The release of substances is based on mass-transfer processes to the material surfaces. Experimental approaches to investigate transport processes that are caused by water contact are presented. For tailoring the tests, relevant aging exposure types and release quantification methods must be combined appropriately. Several studies on the release of hazardous substances such as metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, antioxidants, and carbon nanotubes from polymers are summarized exemplarily. Differences between natural and artificial exposure tests are discussed and demonstrated for the release of flame retardants from several polymers and for biocides from paints. Requirements and limitations to apply results from short-term artificial environmental exposure tests to predict long-term environmental behavior of polymers are presented. Source: https://www.mdpi.comVeröffentlichung Digging deep - implementation, standardisation and interpretation of a total oxidisable precursor (TOP) assay within the regulatory context of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil(2022) Göckener, Bernd; Bandow, Nicole; Lange, Frank Thomas; Biegel-Engler, Annegret; Lesmeister, LukasOver the past decades, thousands of different per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been produced and applied in various industrial processes and consumer products. Their structural diversity has reached a level that cannot be covered by classical target screening methods for individual compounds. Large-scale contaminations of soil, however, require the need to adapt new analytical methods that can describe a contamination more comprehensively. While sum parameters such as the total oxidisable precursor (TOP) assay have been developed in the past years, they are not yet applied in the regulatory context of PFASs. In this commentary, we provide an overview on different approaches of the TOP assay as well as its benefits and disadvantages to other sum parameters for PFASs in soil samples. Furthermore, we elaborate its opportunities and its challenges that need to be tackled to implement the TOP assay as a regulatory tool. With several different approaches of the TOP assay being available, a sound and standardised method needs to be agreed upon and more research is necessary to better describe the method. Although the complexity of PFAS contaminations in soil cannot be fully covered by any analytical method alone, the TOP assay can provide valuable data to detect and characterise soil contamination as an inventory for subsequent remediation measures. Therefore, the TOP assay should be implemented as a useful tool both in research and in the regulatory context of PFASs. © The Author(s) 2022.Veröffentlichung Umweltprobenbank des Bundes(Umweltbundesamt, 2022) Badry, Alexander; Bandow, Nicole; Fettig, Ina; Körner, Andrea; Koschorreck, Jan; Künitzer, Anita; Nagorka, Regine; Rüther, Maria; Weber, Till; Wellmitz, Jörg; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtDieser Bericht fasst die wesentlichen Arbeiten der Umweltprobenbank des Bundes im Jahr 2020 zusammen. Die Umweltprobenbank des Bundes unterstützt die Umsetzung des Vorsorgeprinzips mit einer wissenschaftlichen Infrastruktur, einer umfassende Datenbasis zur Bestimmung und Bewertung des Ist-Zustandes der Umwelt und einer langfristigen Beobachtung der in der Umwelt stattfindenden chemischen, physikalischen und biologischen Entwicklungsprozesse. Dafür sammeln Fachleute Humanproben ausgewählter Standorte gemeinsam mit ökologisch repräsentativen Umweltproben, archivieren sie bei tiefkalten Temperaturen und führen Untersuchungen auf gesundheits- und umweltrelevante Stoffe durch. Auf diese Weise wird auch eine Kontrolle der Wirksamkeit umweltpolitischer Maßnahmen möglich, beispielsweise bei Beschränkungen der Verwendung von Stoffen. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.deVeröffentlichung A walk in the PARC: developing and implementing 21st century chemical risk assessment in Europe(2023) Marx-Stoelting, Philip; Bandow, Nicole; Rivière, G.; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Luijten, MirjamCurrent approaches for the assessment of environmental and human health risks due to exposure to chemical substances have served their purpose reasonably well. Nevertheless, the systems in place for different uses of chemicals are faced with various challenges, ranging from a growing number of chemicals to changes in the types of chemicals and materials produced. This has triggered global awareness of the need for a paradigm shift, which in turn has led to the publication of new concepts for chemical risk assessment and explorations of how to translate these concepts into pragmatic approaches. As a result, next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) is generally seen as the way forward. However, incorporating new scientific insights and innovative approaches into hazard and exposure assessments in such a way that regulatory needs are adequately met has appeared to be challenging. The European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) has been designed to address various challenges associated with innovating chemical risk assessment. Its overall goal is to consolidate and strengthen the European research and innovation capacity for chemical risk assessment to protect human health and the environment. With around 200 participating organisations from all over Europe, including three European agencies, and a total budget of over 400 million euro, PARC is one of the largest projects of its kind. It has a duration of seven years and is coordinated by ANSES, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety. © The Author(s) 2023Veröffentlichung 2023 PFAS analytical exchange - TOP Assay Method Comparison(2023) James, Alun; Bandow, Nicole; González-Gaya, Belén; Göckener, Bernd; Großbritannien. Environment AgencyVeröffentlichung Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in blood plasma - results of the German environmental survey for children and adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Bandow, Nicole; Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Sawal, GeorgeThe German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V) investigated the current internal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). These analyses were carried out for a population-representative sub-sample of 1135 children and adolescents (aged 3-17 years) of all 2394 GerES V participants. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for seven indicator PCB (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180) and selected OCP (hexachlorobenzene, three hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDD and 4,4'-DDE). Despite risk mitigation measures and bans put into force some decades ago children and adolescents living in Germany are still exposed to PCB and OCP: Highest geometric mean plasma concentrations were measured for 4,4'-DDE (0.158 g/L), followed by PCB 138 (0.049 g/L), PCB 153 (0.066 g/L) and PCB 180 (0.032 g/L). Different application patterns of compounds between former East and former West Germany are still reflected by differences in plasma concentrations. Significant differences between age groups and by sexes were found. Moreover, the influence of breastfeeding and fish consumption, which was also found in other studies, was confirmed. Comparison with the results of GerES 2003-2006 confirms a decreasing trend in blood samples observed world-wide. Currently, health-based guidance values for PCB are still exceeded, though to a very limited extent. Also, the widespread occurrence of these compounds underlines the need for further monitoring of these compounds in humans although they are no longer marketed. Quelle: https://www.sciencedirect.com