Person: Murawski, Aline
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Veröffentlichung 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Rucic, Enrico; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene Hilde; Schwedler, Gerda2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) is widely used as a vulcanisation accelerator and is contained in many products made from natural rubber, e.g. car tires. Additionally, it is used as a fungicide in paint or fibre. Systemically human exposure to 2-MBT can occur via dermal and oral uptake or inhalation. Locally, 2-MBT can cause skin sensitisation. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 2-MBT as probably carcinogenic to humans. 516 urine samples of 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for the concentration of 2-MBT in the population representative German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). 2-MBT was quantified above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.0 my g/L in 50% of the 516 samples analysed. The geometric mean of urinary 2-MBT concentration was 1.018 my g/L and 0.892 my g/gcreatinine, the arithmetic mean was 1.576 my g/L (1.351 myg/gcrea). The median concentration was below the LOQ. Analyses of subgroups revealed higher 2-MBT concentrations in children aged 3-5 years compared to 14- to 17-year-old adolescents. All urinary 2-MBT concentrations were well below the health-based guidance value HBM-I for children of 4.5 my g/L. Therefore, current exposure levels are - according to current knowledge - not of concern. For the first time, reference values can be derived for 2-MBT for children and adolescents in Germany. This will facilitate to recognise changing exposure levels in this population group in Germany and identification of unusually high exposures. © 2020 The Authors.Veröffentlichung Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - Human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2021) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Lemke, Nora; Murawski, Aline; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene HildeSince the 1970s, glyphosate has become the most used herbicide of the world. The general population is ubiquitously exposed to glyphosate. Its long-term toxicity, carcinogenic potential and other health effects are controversially discussed. Even though the possible health impacts of glyphosate are of global concern, no population-wide monitoring of glyphosate was done yet. This study presents the worldwide first population-representative data on glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) for children and adolescents. 2144 first-morning void urine samples of 3-17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). In 52 % of the samples (46 % for AMPA) the urinary glyphosate concentrations were above the limit of quantification of 0.1 (microgramm)/L. The geometric mean concentrations were 0.107 (microgramm)/L (0.090 (microgramm)/gcreatinine) for glyphosate and 0.100 (microgramm)/L (0.085 (microgramm)/gcreatinine) for AMPA. No clear association between exposure to glyphosate or AMPA and vegetarian diet or consumption of cereals, pulses, or vegetables could be identified. The low quantification rate and the 95th percentiles for glyphosate and AMPA of around 0.5 (microgramm)/L demonstrate an overall low exposure of the young population in Germany. Quelle: © Elsevier 2021Veröffentlichung Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)(2020) Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline; Roth, Alexandra; Rucic, Enrico; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene Hilde; Schwedler, GerdaPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) mainly originate from incomplete combustion of organic materials and are, among other sources, found in traffic emissions, smoked or barbecued food, leafy vegetables, and tobacco smoke. Some PAH or their metabolites are hazardous for health and classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic to reproduction. Urine samples from 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany were analysed for concentrations of metabolites of the PAH fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in the population-representative German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents GerES V (2014-2017). PAH metabolites were analysed in urine samples of 516 participants and could be quantified in 88ââą Ì100% of the samples. Geometric mean concentrations were: 0.785 my g/L (0.688 my g/gcreatinine) for 1-OH-naphthalene, 4.233 my g/L (3.706 my g/gcrea) for 2-OH-naphthalene, 0.139 my g/L (0.122 my g/gcrea) for 1-OH-phenanthrene, 0.085 my g/L (0.075 my g/gcrea) for 2-OH-phenanthrene, 0.131 my g/L (0.115 my g/gcrea) for 3-OH-phenanthrene, 0.045 my g/L (0.040 my g/gcrea) for 4-OH-phenanthrene, 0.058 my g/L (0.050 my g/gcrea) for 9-OH-phenanthrene, 0.511 my g/L (0.448 my g/gcrea) for Σ-OH-phenanthrene, and 0.099 my/L (0.087 my g/gcrea) for 1-OH-pyrene. Analyses of subgroups revealed higher PAH metabolite concentrations in young children compared to adolescents, and also in residents of former East Germany compared to those living in former West Germany. Increased urinary PAH metabolite concentrations were found in participants using domestic fuel for heating or gas for cooking. Plastic objects were identified as another potential source of exposure. Urinary concentrations of naphthalene and fluorene metabolites were elevated in active smokers and to the same extent in non-smokers exposed to passive smoking. Comparison with previous cycles of GerES revealed a decrease over time and a further decline in the still significant differences in urinary PAH metabolite concentrations of participants living in former East versus West Germany. © 2020 Published by Elsevier GmbH.