Auflistung nach Autor:in "Dreyer, Annekatrin"

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 8 von 8

209 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Pcb) and Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and -Furans (Pcdd/F) in ambient air and deposition in the German background
(2022) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Minkos, Andrea
PCDD/Fs and 209 PCBs were investigated in ambient air and atmospheric deposition at two background monitoring sites in Germany over a period of 12 months in 2018/19. Both substance groups have been frequently found in ambient air, principally with the expected seasonal variations. In deposition, PCDD/Fs as well as PCBs were frequently below the method quantification limits. Besides the frequently investigated dioxin-like PCBs and six indicator PCBs, the analysis of the 209 PCBs (166 separated PCB-peaks) enabled the identification and evaluation of additional PCBs that might be of environmental concern. Of 166 PCBs or PCB-coelutions, up to 144 were quantified in air samples and up to 94 in atmospheric deposition samples. Some of these PCBs were observed at levels similar to or exceeding those of the frequently investigated six indicator PCBs. Important additional PCBs in ambient air were PCB 5/8, PCB 11, PCB 17, PCB 18, PCB 20/33, PCB 31, PCB 43/49, PCB 44, PCB 47/48/65/75, PCB 93/95/98/102, PCB 139/149, and PCB 151. The presence of these PCBs in atmospheric samples implies that routine analysis oversees potentially important contaminants. Quelle: https://papers.ssrn.com/
Ambient Air Measurement of PCDD/Fs Impacted by Wood Combustion in Germany
(2022) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Kube, Christine
Chemicals of emerging concern in marine specimens of the German Environmental Specimen Bank
(2020) Fliedner, Annette; Rüdel, Heinz; Dreyer, Annekatrin; Koschorreck, Jan
Background Descriptor 8 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) (Directive 2008/56/EC) addresses the good environmental status with regard to pollution of marine waters by chemical contaminants. Commission decision (EU) 2017/848 lays down the criteria and methodological standards on good environmental status of marine waters. Member States, in regional or subregional cooperation, shall establish lists of relevant contaminants beside those already covered by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). To provide information on emerging contaminants in marine biota, the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) has compiled data of blue mussels and eelpouts from coastal sites in the North and Baltic Seas. Substances identified by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) as of emerging concern for the marine environment have been used as a starting point. Results and conclusions The study presents data of 19 emerging flame retardants and degradation products, 40 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and three cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS). Among the emerging flame retardants, only Dec 602 was detected in all samples of 2015. Dec 604, Cl10-antiDP, 1,5-DPMA, EH-TBB, PBEB, TBP-AE, BATE, BTBPE and HBBz were constantly <â€ limit of quantification (LOQ). Time trends were barely detected. Legacy PBDE still dominates in most samples. PFAS concentrations were usually higher in samples from the North Sea sites compared to samples from the Baltic Sea. PFOS dominated in most samples. Increasing trends over time were detected for PFNA, PFDA and PFDoDA at the Baltic Sea site and for PFDA at one North Sea site. Concentrations of the cVMS D4, D5 and D6 were below the detection limit at the ESB sampling sites. Based on the results, it should be considered to include the emerging flame retardants DP and Dec 602 and the long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and PFDoDA in a regular monitoring in the North and Baltic Seas. © The Author(s) 2020
Halogenated flame retardants in tree samples applied as bioindicators for atmospheric pollution
(2018) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Neugebauer, Frank; Koschorreck, Jan; Rüdel, Heinz
Coniferous shoots and deciduous tree leaf samples from 10 sites in Germany were taken in 2015 or 2016 within the German Environmental Specimen Bank sampling program and analysed for 24 polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 19 additional halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). At one site, additional historic samples dating back till 2003 were also investigated. Samples were Soxhlet-extracted, cleaned-up by a non-destructive multi-step procedure involving gel permeation chromatography, and detected by GC-API-MS/MS as well as GC-MS. Besides PBDEs as classical HFRs, emerging HFRs such as Dechlorane Plus, DPTE, DBDPE, or ATE were region-wide observed demonstrating their widespread occurrence in the atmosphere. Highest concentrations in recent samples were found for DBDPE (<230-2760 pg g-1 dry weight (dw)) followed by DPTE (91-1540 pg g-1 dw), BDE209 (<156-461 pg g-1 dw), and BDE47 (<27-505 pg g-1 dw) or DP (31-122 pg g-1 dw). The overall uniform and widespread distribution as well as similar HFR levels and composition profiles observed in recent conifer shoots and corresponding deciduous tree leaves from the same area indicate a prolonged medium to long-range transport as sources. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that both tree types are generally suitable bioindicators for atmospheric pollution with HFRs, although accumulation may vary depending on HFR properties and accumulation period. The historic samples showed decreasing PBDE levels whereas no clear trend could be observed for other investigated HFRs at this site. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Polychlorierte Dibenzodioxine und -furane (PCDD/F) in der Außenluft und Deposition in einer von holzbetriebenen Heizungen stark belasteten Region von Deutschland
(Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Kube, Christine; Frost, Kristin; ANECO Institut für Umweltschutz GmbH & Co. (Hamburg); Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik (Duisburg); quo data GmbH (Dresden); Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Minkos, Andrea
Im Zeitraum von Oktober 2018 bis April 2019 wurden 33 Außenluftproben über die Wochenenden und besonderen Feiertage an zwei Messpunkten in der Stadt Thalheim/Erzgebirge genommen. Zusätzlich wurden je sieben Außenluftmonatsproben und Depositionsmonatsproben an den Messstationen genommen. Die Proben wurden auf die 17 2,3,7,8-substituierten PCDD/F-Kongenere und die Homologengruppensummen der Tetra- bis Heptachlordibenzodioxine und -furane untersucht, um Konzentrationen und Muster von PCDD/F in einer Region, die durch eine hohe Dichte von holzbetriebenen Kleinfeuerungsanlagen gekennzeichnet ist, zu ermitteln. Neben den PCDD/F wurden für Holzverbrennung typische Tracer untersucht. Dazu gehörten die Anhydrozucker Levoglucosan, Mannosan und Galactosan im Feinstaub (PM10), verschiedene Kohlenstoffspezies im Feinstaub (PM10) sowie polyzyklische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe inklusive Reten als Marker für die Nadelholzverbrennung. Die Konzentrationen der 2,3,7,8-substituierten PCDD/F lagen auf der Basis von Toxizitätsäquivalenten (TEQ) und unter der Berücksichtigung der halben Bestimmungsgrenzen für die Außenluft zwischen 1,1 fg WHO2005 TEQ/m3 und 71 fg WHO2005 TEQ/m3 und für die Deposition zwischen 0,2 pg WHO2005 TEQ/m2d und 0,6 pg WHO2005 TEQ/m2d und waren damit geringer als die Zielwerte für die langfristige Luftreinhaltung von 150 fg WHO-TEQ/m3 bzw. 4 pg WHO-TEQ/m2d für die Summe der PCDD/F und dl-PCB. Lediglich während eines Extremereignisseslagen die Werte in der Außenluft deutlich höher (147 fg WHO-TEQ/m3). In diesem Papier werden die Konzentrationen und Profile der PCDD/F sowie der untersuchten Holzverbrennungstracer in einer durch Holzfeuerung charakterisierten Region beschrieben und diskutiert. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Beschreibung von PCDD/F-Mustern, die mittels statistischer Auswertungen hinsichtlich des Beitrages der Holzverbrennung untersucht wurden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Polychlorierte Dibenzodioxine und -furane (PCDD/F) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) in der Außenluft und Deposition im ländlichen Hintergrund von Deutschland
(Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Dreyer, Annekatrin; ANECO Institut für Umweltschutz GmbH & Co. (Freiberg); Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Minkos, Andrea
Im Zeitraum von Juni 2018 bis Mai 2019 wurden je 12 Außenluftmonatsproben und Depositionsmonatsproben an den Messstationen Waldhof und Schmücke des Umweltbundesamtes genommen und auf die 2,3,7,8-substituierten PCDD/F-Kongenere, die Homologengruppensummen der Tetra- bis Heptachlordibenzodioxine und -furane, die 6 Indikator-PCB (i-PCB), die 12 dioxinähnlichen PCB (dl-PCB) sowie die Homologengruppensummen der Monochlor- bis Decachlorbiphenyle untersucht, um aktuelle Werte für die Hintergrundbelastung in Deutschland mit den vorgenannten Verbindungen zu ermitteln. Diese liegen auf der Basis von Toxizitätsäquivalenten (TEQ) und unter der Berücksichtigung der halben Bestimmungsgrenzen für die Außenluft zwischen 0,7 und 13,8 fg WHO2005 TEQ/m3 und für die Deposition zwischen 0,1 und 0,8 pg WHO2005 TEQ/m2d und sind damit deutlich geringer als die Zielwerte für die langfristige Luftreinhaltung von 150 fg WHO-TEQ/m3 bzw. 4 pg WHO-TEQ/m2d für die Summe der PCDD/F und dl-PCB. In diesem Papier werden die Konzentrationen und Profile der PCDD/F und PCB sowie ihrer Homologengruppensummen in der Außenluft und der Deposition diskutiert. Weiterhin werden bedeutende PCB-Kongenere aufgezeigt, deren Konzentrationen oder Depositionsraten an die der üblicherweise bestimmten 6 i-PCB heranreichen oder diese überschreiten. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in ambient air and deposition in the German background
(2023) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Minkos, Andrea
PCDD/Fs (17 congeners and E-tetra -to octachloro homologues) and 209 PCBs were investigated in monthly samples of ambient air (gas + particle phase) and atmospheric deposition at two background monitoring sites in Germany in 2018/19. In atmospheric deposition samples, PCDD/F congeners as well as certain PCBs were frequently below the method quantification limits whereas values for PCDD/F homologue groups could be quantified more often. Annual deposition averages for individual PCDD/Fs were between <0.1 Mikrog/m2d and 6.7 Mikrog/m2d. Averages for E-TeCDD/F to OCDD/F homologue totals in deposition were about 11 pg/m2d and 19 pg/m2d. Total PCB deposition rates were about 1900 pg/m2d and 1550 pg/m2d. PCDD/F + PCB-deposition rates were below 1 pg WHO2005-TEQ/m2d on average. In ambient air, both substance groups were frequently observed. Annual concentration averages for individual PCDD/F were between 0.1 fg/m3 and 50 fg/m3. Average values for E-TeCDD/F to OCDD/F homologue totals in ambient air were 283 fg/m3 and 162 fg/m3. Total PCB concentrations were about 50 pg/m3 at both sites. PCDD/F + PCB-TEQ values were lower than 5 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m3 on average. Besides the frequently studied dioxin-like PCBs and six indicator PCBs, the analysis of the 209 PCBs (166 separated PCB-peaks) enabled the identification and evaluation of additional PCBs that might be of environmental concern. Of 166 PCBs or PCB-coelutions, up to 144 were quantified in air samples and up to 94 in atmospheric deposition samples. In ambient air, some of these PCBs were observed at levels similar to or exceeding those of the six indicator PCBs. Important additional PCBs in ambient air were PCB 5 + 8, PCB 11, PCB 17, PCB 18, PCB 20 + 33, PCB 31, PCB 43 + 49, PCB 44, PCB 47 + 48 + 65 + 75, PCB 93 + 95 + 98 + 102, PCB 139 + 149, and PCB 151. The presence of these PCBs in atmospheric samples implies that by analysing only selected PCBs potentially important contaminants are overlooked. © 2022 The Authors
Recent findings of halogenated flame retardants (HFR) in the German and Polar environment
(2019) Dreyer, Annekatrin; Neugebauer, Frank; Koschorreck, Jan; Lohmann, Nina
To get an overview about distribution, levels and temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and halogenated flame retardants (HFR) of emerging concern, different types of environmental samples archived in the German Environment Specimen Bank as well as fish filet samples from the Arctic (n=13) and Antarctica (n=5) were analysed for 43 substances (24 PBDE, 19 HFR) using a multi-column clean-up and GC-API-MS/MS or GC-MS. Sample types were herring gull egg (n=3), blue mussel (n=3) and eelpout filet (n=3) from the German North- and Baltic Sea, bream filet (n=7), zebra mussel (n=6) and suspended particulate matter (SPM, n=7) from German freshwater ecosystems as well as tree leaves (n=9)/shoots (n=10), soil (n=4), earthworm (n=4) and deer liver (n=7) as representatives of German terrestrial ecosystems. PBDE and emerging HFR were present in each investigated matrices from Germany and Polar regions showing their widespread distribution. The presence in Arctic and Antarctic fish samples confirms their long-range transport potential. Average concentrations of total emerging HFR were highest in SPM (26 ng g-1 dry weight (dw)), zebra mussel (10 ng g-1 dw) and herring gull egg (2.6 ng g-1 dw). Lowest levels were measured in fish filet samples from Antarctica (0.02 ng g-1 dw). Average total PBDE concentrations were highest in bream filet (154 ng g-1), herring gull egg (61 ng g-1 dw), SPM (21 ng g-1 dw), and zebra mussel 18 (ng g-1) and lowest in deer liver (0.04 ng g-1 dw). The patterns of non-fauna terrestrial samples (leaves, shoots, soil) as well as SPM were dominated by DBDPE and BDE209. Elevated proportions of DPTE and in most cases the absence of DBDPE characterized all fauna samples with the exception of Polar samples. Overall, emerging HFR appeared to be less bioaccumulative than PBDE. Temporal trends were generally decreasing with few exceptions such as DBDPE. Quelle: https://www.sciencedirect.com