Person: Bannick, Claus Gerhard
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Bannick
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Claus Gerhard
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Publication Analysis of polyethylene microplastics in environmental samples, using a thermal decomposition method(2015) Dümichen, Erik; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Barthel, Anne-Kathrin; Braun, Ulrike; Brand, Kathrin; Jekel, Martin; Senz, RainerSmall polymer particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm called microplastics find their way into the environment from polymer debris and industrial production. Therefore a method is needed to identify and quantify microplastics in various environmental samples to generate reliable concentration values. Such concentration values, i.e. quantitative results, are necessary for an assessment of microplastic in environmental media. This was achieved by thermal extraction in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), connected to a solid-phase adsorber. These adsorbers were subsequently analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TDS-GC-MS). In comparison to other chromatographic methods, like pyrolyse gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), the relatively high sample masses in TGA (about 200 times higher than used in Py-GC-MS) analysed here enable the measurement of complex matrices that are not homogenous on a small scale. Through the characteristic decomposition products known for every kind of polymer it is possible to identify and even to quantify polymer particles in various matrices. Polyethylene (PE), one of the most important representatives for microplastics, was chosen as an example for identification and quantification.Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.comPublication Kunststoffe und Mikrokunststoffe in der Umwelt(2019) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Braun, UlrikePublication Occurrence of microplastics in the Danube River - a first screening(2021) Asenova, Mina; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Bednarz, Marius; Kerndorff, Alexander; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasPlastics, and microplastics in particular, are still part of scientific and regulatory discussions. Their inputs from land ultimately end up in the oceans, where they remain for a long time. River systems represent an important path of entry into the oceans. The Danube is the second largest river in Europe and can therefore be an example for the occurrence of plastic in other large river systems. In JDS4 a comprehensive screening of microplastics was carried out over the entire course of the river. Sampling was performed by means of deploying sedimentation boxes into the river for 14 days; followed by thermo-analytical detection (TED-GC/MS) for determination of the total content of various plastic polymers in the collected suspended particulate matter samples. For the first time, a baseline of pollution by microplastics in the Danube River Basin has been established. In all samples almost, all analyzed polymers were detected and quantified, whereas there is no clear trend along the Danube with increasing or decreasing contents. The contents ranged between 0.05 - 22.24, 0.00 - 0.45, 0.00-1.03 and 0.00 3.32 for PE, PP, SBR and PS [(micro)g/mg] SPM, respectively. Quelle: A shared analysis of the Danube River : joint Danube survey 4 ; scientific report / Editors: Igor Liška [and five others]. - Vienna : International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, 2021. - 1 Onlineresource (562 pages) : Illustrationen. - E-Book; Dateigröße / Dateiumfang: 44,09 MB. - ISBN 978-3-200-07450-7, Seite 487Publication Bioabfallkomposte und -gärreste in der Landwirtschaft(2017) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Claussen, Ulrich; Ehlers, Knut; Hermann, Tim; Weiss, Volker; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtIn mehr als 1.000 Kompostierungs- und Vergärungsanlagen werden in Deutschland getrennt gesammelte Bioabfälle behandelt, um die entstehenden Erzeugnisse (Komposte und Gärreste) anschließend als ŞDünger und Humuslieferant verwerten zu können. Der größte Anteil sind getrennt gesammelte ŞKüchen- und Gartenabfälle aus privaten Haushalten, aber auch aus der Park- und Landschaftspflege der Städte und Gemeinden. Ebenso gehören zu den Bioabfällen tierische und pflanzliche Abfälle aus der Lebensmittel erzeugenden und verarbeitenden Industrie sowie gewerbliche Bioabfälle wie abgelaufene Lebensmittel aus dem Handel und Speiseabfälle aus Restaurants und Kantinen. Quelle: VerlagsinformationPublication Fast identification of microplastics in complex environmental samples by a thermal degradation method(2017) Dümichen, Erik; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Eisentraut, Paul; Barthel, Anne-KathrinIn order to determine the relevance of microplastic particles in various environmental media, comprehensive investigations are needed. However, no analytical method exists for fast identification and quantification. At present, optical spectroscopy methods like IR and RAMAN imaging are used. Due to their time consuming procedures and uncertain extrapolation, reliable monitoring is difficult. For analyzing polymers Py-GC-MS is a standard method. However, due to a limited sample amount of about 0.5 mg it is not suited for analysis of complex sample mixtures like environmental samples. Therefore, we developed a new thermoanalytical method as a first step for identifying microplastics in environmental samples. A sample amount of about 20 mg, which assures the homogeneity of the sample, is subjected to complete thermal decomposition. The specific degradation products of the respective polymer are adsorbed on a solid-phase adsorber and subsequently analyzed by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry. For certain identification, the specific degradation products for the respective polymer were selected first. Afterwards real environmental samples from the aquatic (three different rivers) and the terrestrial (bio gas plant) systems were screened for microplastics. Mainly polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were identified for the samples from the bio gas plant and PE and PS from the rivers. However, this was only the first step and quantification measurements will follow. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.Publication Widening the European Green Deal's perspective towards a sustainable Europe(Umweltbundesamt, 2021) Neßhöver, Carsten; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Beckert, Barbara; Claussen, Ulrich; Doyle, Ulrike; Eckermann, Frauke; Frische, Tobias; Haße, Clemens; Günther, Jens; Hollweg, Beate; Huckestein, Burkhard; Janitzek, Timmo; Kabel, Claudia; Jering, Almut; Keßler, Hermann; Klatt, Anne; Knoche, Guido; Köder, Lea; Koller, Matthias; Krause, Bernd; Kreuser, Margarethe; Lindenthal, Alexandra; Löwe, Christian; Manstein, Christopher; Matthey, Astrid; Meurer, Doris; Mohaupt, Volker; Mutert, Tina; Obermaier, Nathan; Pieper, Silvia; Plickert, Sebastian; Rechenberg, Jörg; Reichart, Almut; Rönnefahrt, Ines; Schulte, Christoph; Schweitzer, Christian; Spengler, Laura; Stolzenberg, Hans-Christian; Suhr, Michael; Töpfer, Christoph; Unnerstall, Herwig; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtThe European Green Deal, published by the European Commission in 2019, represents a new and ambitious approach to put environment and sustainability at the heart of European policy. Its ambitions are high, yet the planned measures might not be sufficient to actually meet them. The report analyzes the European Green Deal from the perspective of the German Environment Agency and places it in the context of the global challenge of achieving the United Nations' sustainable development goals. In addition to necessary measures in the thematic fields of the European Green Deal, the report also addresses the structural adjustments needed as key levers to achieve the desired goals. The report concludes that the European Green Deal is an important step forward, but that further efforts beyond those described there are still needed in order to achieve a sustainable Europe. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.dePublication Mikroplastik im Wasserkreislauf(Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, 2020) Jekel, Martin; Anger, Philipp; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Barthel, Anne-Kathrin; Grummt, Tamara; Kuckelkorn, Jochen; Obermaier, Nathan; Ruhl, Aki Sebastian; Strobel, Claudia; Technische Universität Berlin. Fachgebiet Wasserreinhaltung; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfungDas interdisziplinäre Forschungsprojekt MiWa widmete sich grundlegenden Fragestellungen zur Analytik und Wirkung von Mikroplastik-Partikeln im Wasserkreislauf. Es wurden Methoden der Umweltprobennahme, der Probenaufbereitung und verschiedene Detektionsverfahren zur Charakterisierung und Quantifizierung von Mikroplastik intensiv untersucht, miteinander verglichen und weiterentwickelt. Öko- und humantoxikologische Untersuchungen dienten dem Zweck, die potenziell von Mikroplastik ausgehende Gefährdung für die aquatische Umwelt und den Menschen zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Eine Harmonisierung und Standardisierung von Methoden der Probennahme, Probenaufbereitung und Mikroplastik-Detektion sind trotz der erheblichen Fortschritte derzeit nur teilweise möglich. Die ökotoxikologischen Studien zeigen zwar die Aufnahme von Mikroplastik-Partikeln durch einige Organismen, jedoch konnte bisher keine schädigende Wirkung nachgewiesen werden. Dabei wurden für eine Auswahl aquatischer Modellspezies sowohl Szenarien direkter als auch indirekter Exposition innerhalb einer Nahrungskette betrachtet. Interaktionen mit menschlichen Modellzellen wurden bislang nur bei Mikroplastik-Partikeln mit Größen weit unterhalb von 1 Ìm (also Nanoplastik) beobachtet. Eine umfassende Bewertung ist bislang nicht möglich. Quelle: https://depositonce.tu-berlin.dePublication Harmonisierung von Untersuchungsverfahren für (Mikro-)Plastik in der Umwelt(2019) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus GerhardPublication Microplastics in the Danube River Basin: a first comprehensive screening with harmonized analytical approach(2022) Braun, Ulrike; Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Bednarz, Marius; Kerndorf, Alexander; Lukas, Marcus; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, MathiasIn this study, carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4, a comprehensive microplastic screening in the water column within a large European river basin from its source to estuary, including major tributaries, was realized. The objective was to develop principles of a systematic and practicable microplastic monitoring strategy using sedimentation boxes for collection of suspended particulate matter followed by its subsequent analysis using thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 18 sampling sites in the Danube River Basin were investigated. The obtained suspended particulate matter samples were subdivided into the fractions of >100 mikrom and <100 mikrom and subsequently analyzed for microplastic mass contents. The results showed that microplastics were detected in all samples, with polyethylene being the predominant polymer with maximum contents of 22.24 mikrog/mg, 3.23 mikrog/mg for polystyrene, 1.03 mikrog/mg for styrene-butadiene-rubber, and 0.45 mikrog/mg for polypropylene. Further, polymers such as different sorts of polyester, polyacrylates, polylactide, and natural rubber were not detected or below the detection limit. Additional investigations on possible interference of polyethylene signals by algae-derived fatty acids were assessed. In the context of targeted monitoring, repeated measurements provide more certainty in the interpretation of the results for the individual sites. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the chosen approach using an integrative sampling and determination of total plastic content proved to be successful. © 2022 The AuthorsPublication A simple model approach for the desorption of DDT and related compounds from contaminated sediment to plastic polymers(2021) Bannick, Claus Gerhard; Kerndorff, Alexander; Braun, Ulrike; Obermaier, Nathan; Ricking, Mathias