Auflistung nach Schlagwort "Biomonitoring"

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 20 von 31

A critical review of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of organic chemicals in birds
(2022) Kuo, Dave T. F.; Deutsch, Markus; Rattner, Barnett A.; Marteinson, Sarah C.; Treu, Gabriele
A literature review of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of organic chemicals in birds was undertaken, aiming to support scoping and prioritization of future research. The objectives were to characterize available bioaccumulation/biotransformation data, identify knowledge gaps, determine how extant data can be used, and explore the strategy and steps forward. An intermediate approach balanced between expediency and rigor was taken given the vastness of the literature. Following a critical review of [500 peer-reviewed studies, [25,000 data entries and 2 million information bytes were compiled on [700 organic compounds for * 320 wild species and 60 domestic breeds of birds. These data were organized into themed databases on bioaccumulation and biotransformation, field survey, microsomal enzyme activity, metabolic pathway, and bird taxonomy and diet. Significant data gaps were identified in all databases at multiple levels. Biotransformation characterization was largely fragmented over metabolite/pathway identification and characterization of enzyme activity or biotransformation kinetics. Limited biotransformation kinetic data constrained development of an avian biotransformation model. A substantial shortage of in vivo biotransformation kinetics has been observed as most reported rate constants were derived in vitro. No metric comprehensively captured all key contaminant classes or chemical groups to support broad-scope modeling of bioaccumulation or biotransformation. However, metrics such as biota-feed accumulation factor, maximum transfer factor, and total elimination rate constant were more readily usable for modeling or benchmarking than other reviewed parameters. Analysis demonstrated the lack of bioaccumulation/biotransformation characterization of shorebirds, seabirds, and raptors. In the study of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of organic chemicals in birds, this review revealed the need for greater chemical and avian species diversity, chemical measurements in environmental media, basic biometrics and exposure conditions, multiple tissues/matrices sampling, and further exploration on biotransformation. Limitations of classical bioaccumulation metrics and current research strategies used in bird studies were also discussed. Forward-looking research strategies were proposed: adopting a chemical roadmap for future investigations, integrating existing biomonitoring data, gap-filling with non-testing approaches, improving data reporting practices, expanding field sampling scopes, bridging existing models and theories, exploring biotransformation via avian genomics, and establishing an online data repository. The Author(s) 2022
A human biomonitoring study assessing glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) exposures among farm and non-farm families
(2022) Connolly, Alison; Koch, Holger Martin; Bury, Daniel; Conrad, André; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline
Glyphosate-based pesticides are the highest-volume used herbicides worldwide. International concerns regarding the potential human adverse effects of glyphosate exposures have heightened since IARC classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans. Human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have identified ubiquitous exposure to glyphosate and its main breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), from environmental exposures. The IMAGE research project aimed to investigate farm and non-farm families' exposure to glyphosate while aligning with the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) initiative. The study recruited non-farm and farm families (who use glyphosate on their farms). Each family member provided a urine sample that was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, with a limit of quantification of 0.05 (micro)g/L for glyphosate and AMPA. In addition to general information on background exposures in farm and non-farm families, we investigated relationships in exposure between families and family members. We recruited 68 families, including 54 non-farm and 14 farm families (180 vs. 45 individuals). Some pesticide users (n = 14, all male farmers) had slightly elevated AMPA levels compared to other adult participants but, overall, we observed no significant differences between farm and non-farm families. The main metabolite, AMPA, was quantifiable in twice as many samples as glyphosate (61% vs. 32%), with a maximum concentration of 7.24 (micro)g/L vs. 3.21 (micro)g/L. Compared to previous studies, exposure levels were relatively low and far below current health-based guidance values (3% or less for glyphosate and AMPA). Study results suggest potential exposures from residential co-exposures or living with a pesticide user. This is the first study internationally to investigate glyphosate and AMPA across family members (farm and non-farm). We found comparably low glyphosate and AMPA exposures among these families. These results enhance our understanding of glyphosate exposures for different demographic groups and contribute to the scientific knowledge on exposures required for regulatory risk assessments and the re-evaluation of glyphosate in 2022 by the European Commission. © 2022 by the authors
Auswirkungen der Schwermetall-Emissionen auf Luftqualität und Ökosysteme in Deutschland - Quellen, Transport, Eintrag, Gefährdungspotenzial
(2018) Schröder, Winfried; Nickel, Stefan; Schlutow, Angela; Universität Vechta; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Schütze, Gudrun
Die Studie untersucht räumliche und zeitliche Trends der luftgetragenen Einträge von Arsen, Blei, Cadmium, Chrom, Kupfer, Nickel, Quecksilber, Vanadium, Zink in Deutschland anhand von Modell- und Messwerten, darunter Daten zur Bioakkumulation. Anhand von Umweltqualitätszielen und Bewertungskriterien rechtlicher Regelungen erfolgt eine Risikobewertung für Mensch und Umwelt.
Bewertungskonzept für die Gefährdung der Ökosystemintegrität durch die Wirkungen des Klimawandels in Kombination mit Stoffeinträgen unter Beachtung von Ökosystemfunktionen und -dienstleistungen
(2013) Waldkunde-Institut Eberswalde; Universität Vechta; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Klimawandelund atmosphärische Stickstoffeinträge können die Integrität von Ökosystemen, d.h. deren prägende Strukturen und Funktionen, verändern und dadurch auch deren Nutzen für Menschen einschränken. Zur Erfassung und Bewertung ökosystemarer Veränderungen werden wissenschaftliche Grundlagen für ein ökologisches, räumlich explizites Bewertungssystem entwickelt. Es basiert auf einer umfangreichen vegetationskundlichen Datenbank, bundesweit verfügbaren Daten aus Kartengrundlagen und Langzeit-Monitoringprogrammen und wird durch dynamische Modellierungen zukünftigerKlima- und Bodenverhältnisse ergänzt. Das System ermöglicht die Bestimmung und Kartierung potenziell natürlicher Ökosystemtypen und aktuell naturnaher Ökosystemtypen.
Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Beyond fish eDNA metabarcoding: Field replicates disproportionately improve the detection of stream associated vertebrate species
(2021) Macher, Till-Hendrik; Arle, Jens; Schütz, Robin; Koschorreck, Jan
Fast, reliable, and comprehensive biodiversity monitoring data are needed for environmental decision making and management. Recent work on fish environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding shows that aquatic diversity can be captured fast, reliably, and non-invasively at moderate costs. Because water in a catchment flows to the lowest point in the landscape, often a stream, it can collect traces of terrestrial species via surface or subsurface runoff along its way or when specimens come into direct contact with water (e.g., when drinking). Thus, fish eDNA metabarcoding data can provide information on fish but also on other vertebrate species that live in riparian habitats. This additional data may offer a much more comprehensive approach for assessing vertebrate diversity at no additional costs. Studies on how the sampling strategy affects species detection especially of stream-associated communities, however, are scarce. We therefore performed an analysis on the effects of biological replication on both fish as well as (semi-)terrestrial species detection. Along a 2 km stretch of the river Mulde (Germany), we collected 18 1-L water samples and analyzed the relation of detected species richness and quantity of biological replicates taken. We detected 58 vertebrate species, of which 25 were fish and lamprey, 18 mammals, and 15 birds, which account for 50%, 22.2%, and 7.4% of all native species to the German federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. However, while increasing the number of biological replicates resulted in only 24.8% more detected fish and lamprey species, mammal, and bird species richness increased disproportionately by 68.9% and 77.3%, respectively. Contrary, PCR replicates showed little stochasticity. We thus emphasize to increase the number of biological replicates when the aim is to improve general species detections. This holds especially true when the focus is on rare aquatic taxa or on (semi-)terrestrial species, the so-called 'bycatch'. As a clear advantage, this information can be obtained without any additional sampling or laboratory effort when the sampling strategy is chosen carefully. With the increased use of eDNA metabarcoding as part of national fish bioassessment and monitoring programs, the complimentary information provided on bycatch can be used for biodiversity monitoring and conservation on a much broader scale. © 2021 Author(s)
Biomonitoring of arsenic, cadmium and lead in two artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Zimbabwe
(2022) Rakete, Stefan; Moonga, Given; Wahl, Anna-Maria; Tobollik, Myriam
People living and working in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) areas are frequently exposed to elemental mercury (Hg), which is used for gold extraction. However, additional exposure to other toxic metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) may result from mining-related activities and could be ingested via dust, water or food. In these areas, only limited biomonitoring data is available for toxic metals other than Hg. In particular, data about the exposure to As, Cd and Pb is unavailable for the Zimbabwean population. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two ASGM areas in Zimbabwe to evaluate the internal exposure to these metals. In total, urine and blood samples from 207 people that identified themselves as miners were collected and analysed for As and Cd in urine as well as Pb in blood by GF-AAS. Median levels (interquartile ranges in (micro)g/l) of As and Pb were 9.7 (micro)g/l (4.0, 18.5) and 19.7 (micro)g/l (12.5, 34.5), respectively. The 25th percentile and the median for Cd were below the limit of detection (0.5 (micro)g/l); the 75th percentile was at 0.9 (micro)g/l. The results were compared to reference values found for the general population in the USA and Germany, and a significant number of participants exceeded these values (As, 33 %; Cd, 27 %; Pb, 32 %), indicating a relevant exposure to toxic metals. Although not representative for the Zimbabwean population, our results demonstrate that the exposure to toxic metals is relevant for the public health in Zimbabwe and requires further investigation. © 2021, The Author(s)
Bringing together raptor collections in Europe for contaminant research and monitoring in relation to chemicals regulations
(2017) Movalli, Paola; Dekker, René; Koschorreck, Jan; Treu, Gabriele
Raptors are good sentinels of environmental contamination and there is good capability for raptor biomonitoring in Europe. Raptor biomonitoring can benefit from natural history museums (NHMs), environmental specimen banks (ESBs) and other collections (e.g. specialist raptor specimen collections). Europe̷s NHMs, ESBs and other collections hold large numbers of raptor specimens and samples, covering long periods of time. These collections are potentially a valuable resource for contaminant studies over time and space. There are strong needs to monitor contaminants in the environment to support EU and national chemical management. However, data on raptor specimens in NHMs, ESBs and other collections are dispersed, few are digitised, and they are thus not easy to access. Specimen coverage is patchy in terms of species, space and time. Contaminant research with raptors would be facilitated by creating a framework to link relevant collections, digitising all collections, developing a searchable meta-database covering all existing collections, making them more visible and accessible for contaminant research. This would also help identify gaps in coverage and stimulate specimen collection to fill gaps in support of prioritised contaminant monitoring. Collections can further support raptor biomonitoring by making samples available for analysis on request. Quelle: https://link.springer.com/
Communication in a Human biomonitoring study:Focus group work public engagement and lessons learnt in 17 European countries
(2015)
A communication strategy was developed by The Consortium to Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale (COPHES), as part of its objectives to develop a framework and protocols to enable the collection of comparable human biomonitoring data throughout Europe. The framework and protocols were tested in the pilot study DEMOCOPHES (Demonstration of a study to Coordinate and Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale). The aims of the communication strategy were to raise awareness of human biomonitoring, encourage participation in the study and to communicate the study results and their public health significance. It identified the audiences and key messages, documented the procedure for dissemination of results and was updated as the project progressed. A communication plan listed the tools and materials such as press releases, flyers, recruitment letters and information leaflets required for each audience with a time frame for releasing them. Public insight research was used to evaluate the recruitment material, and the feedback was used to improve the documents. Dissemination of results was coordinated in a step by step approach by the participating countries within DEMOCOPHES, taking into account specific national messages according to the needs of each country. Participants received individual results, unless they refused to be informed, along with guidance on what the results meant. The aggregate results and policy recommendations were then communicated to the general public and stakeholders, followed by dissemination at European level. Several lessons were learnt that may assist other future human biomonitoring studies. Recruitment took longer than anticipated and so social scientists, to help with community engagement, should be part of the research team from the start. As a European study, involving multiple countries, additional considerations were needed for the numerous organisations, different languages, cultures, policies and priorities. Therefore, communication documents should be seen as templates with essential information clearly indicated and the option for each country to tailor the material to reflect these differences. Future studies should consider setting up multidisciplinary networks of medical professionals and communication experts, and holding training workshops to discuss the interpretation of results and risk communication. Publicity and wide dissemination of the results helped to raise awareness of human biomonitoring to the general public, policy makers and other key stakeholders. Effective and timely communication, at all stages of a study, is essential if the potential of human biomonitoring research to improve public health is to be realised.& 2014PublishedbyElsevierInc.
Cross-sectional associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and body mass index among European teenagers in the HBM4EU aligned studies
(2023) Schillemans, Tessa; Iszatt, Nina; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Remy, Sylvie; Vogel, Nina
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread pollutants that may impact youth adiposity patterns. We investigated cross-sectional associations between PFAS and body mass index (BMI) in teenagers/adolescents across nine European countries within the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) initiative. We used data from 1957 teenagers (12-18 yrs) that were part of the HBM4EU aligned studies, consisting of nine HBM studies (NEBII, Norway; Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17, Sweden; PCB cohort (follow-up), Slovakia; SLO CRP, Slovenia; CROME, Greece; BEA, Spain; ESTEBAN, France; FLEHS IV, Belgium; GerES V-sub, Germany). Twelve PFAS were measured in blood, whilst weight and height were measured by field nurse/physician or self-reported in questionnaires. We assessed associations between PFAS and age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores using linear and logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Random-effects meta-analysis and mixed effects models were used to pool studies. We assessed mixture effects using molar sums of exposure biomarkers with toxicological/structural similarities and quantile g-computation. In all studies, the highest concentrations of PFAS were PFOS (medians ranging from 1.34 to 2.79 mikro/L). There was a tendency for negative associations with BMI z-scores for all PFAS (except for PFHxS and PFHpS), which was borderline significant for the molar sum of [PFOA and PFNA] and significant for single PFOA [beta-coefficient (95% CI) per interquartile range fold change = -0.06 (-0.17, 0.00) and -0.08 (-0.15, -0.01), respectively]. Mixture assessment indicated similar negative associations of the total mixture of [PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS] with BMI z-score, but not all compounds showed associations in the same direction: whilst [PFOA, PFNA and PFOS] were negatively associated, [PFHxS] associated positively with BMI z-score. Our results indicated a tendency for associations of relatively low PFAS concentrations with lower BMI in European teenagers. More prospective research is needed to investigate this potential relationship and its implications for health later in life. © 2022 The Authors
Data for Policy - Human biomonitoring's contribution to evidence-informed environmental health policy-making
(North Carolina, 2017) Conrad, André; Rucic, Enrico; Schulz, Christine; Schwedler, Gerda; Rüther, Maria; Apel, Petra; Schmied-Tobies, Maria Irene Hilde; Weber, Till; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Determination of trace elements in urine by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry - Biomonitoring of adults in the German capital region
(2021) Schmied, Andy; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Murawski, Aline
A method was developed and validated for multi-element analyses of human urine samples using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. The combination of a simple sample preparation and the state-of-the-art technique allows high-throughput and lowest limits of quantification up to 1 ng/L. Thereby coefficients of variation ranges from 0.4% (V) to 3.7% (Be), and 0.9% (Cd) to 4.8% (Ni) for intraday and interday precision, respectively. The method's performance is demonstrated by successful participation in international interlaboratory comparison programs as external quality assurance. Moreover, the method was applied for the analysis of first-morning void urine samples of adults (N = 77) living in the German capital region. 15 metals and metalloids (Astotal, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, In, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn) were determined. With exception of indium, all elements were found in urine samples above the limit of quantification, demonstrating the suitability to measure the general population's exposure to these metals and metalloids. The method presented here shall be used for analysis of urine samples collected in the upcoming German Environmental Survey, GerES VI, a cross-sectional, population-representative study. Quelle: © Elsevier 2021
EFF-Pharm: Effects of pharmaceuticals (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-blockers) in fish and invertebrates and their detection by newly developed in vitro-bioassays
(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Triebskorn, Rita; Schwarz, Simon; Schmieg, Hannah; Institut für Evolution und Ökologie (Tübingen). Abteilung Physiologische Ökologie der Tiere; Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology; GWT-TUD GmbH (Dresden); Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Als Werkzeuge für das Biomonitoring von Arzneimitteln wurden Wirkmechanismus-basierte in vitro-Assays entwickelt, durch die der Nachweis von Wirkungen zweier Arzneimittelgruppen, entzündungs-hemmender Schmerzmittel, wie Diclofenac (NSAIDs) und Beta-Blocker, wie Metoprolol. möglich ist. Hierfür wurden stabile Zelllinien entwickelt, die Wirkmechanismus-basierte sensorische und signal-gebende rekombinante Proteine exprimieren. Diese ermöglichen die schnelle Visualisierung von Fluo-reszenzsignaländerungen in den lebenden Zellen. Darauf aufbauenden Mikroplattenformat-Assays wurden für die quantitative Bestimmung von Metoprolol- und Diclofenac-Aktivität in Kläranlagenab-läufen erfolgreich eingesetzt um die Relevanz und Eignung dieser Tests zum Abbilden von Wirkungen bei Freilandrelevanten aquatischen Organismen zu zeigen, wurden parallel Wirkuntersuchungen mit Fischen (Bachforellen und deren Eier), Krebstieren (Flohkrebsen, Daphnien), Schnecken und mit im Sediment lebenden Würmern durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen fanden (1) unter kontrollierten Laborbedingungen mit Einzelsubstanzen und binären Mischungen, (2) in aquatischen Mesokosmen (Fließrinnen) sowie im Freiland in einem Durchflusssystem, das vom Ablauf einer kommunalen Kläranlage gespeist war, statt. An den exponierten Organismen wurden sowohl populationsrelevante Endpunkte, wie Mortalität, Fruchtbarkeit oder Reproduktion, als auch Biomarker (Reaktionen von Stressproteinen und Parame-tern, die oxidativen Stress anzeigen sowie histologische Veränderungen) untersucht, die den Gesund-heitsstatus der Individuen abbilden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
EFF-Pharm: Effects of pharmaceuticals (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-blockers) in fish and invertebrates and their detection by newly developed in vitro-bioassays
(2016) Institut für Evolution und Ökologie (Tübingen). Abteilung Physiologische Ökologie der Tiere
Als Werkzeuge für das Biomonitoring von Arzneimitteln wurden Wirkmechanismus-basierte in vitro-Assays entwickelt, durch die der Nachweis von Wirkungen zweier Arzneimittelgruppen, entzündungs-hemmender Schmerzmittel, wie Diclofenac (NSAIDs) und Beta-Blocker, wie Metoprolol. möglich ist. Hierfür wurden stabile Zelllinien entwickelt, die Wirkmechanismus-basierte sensorische und signal-gebende rekombinante Proteine exprimieren. Diese ermöglichen die schnelle Visualisierung von Fluo-reszenzsignaländerungen in den lebenden Zellen. Darauf aufbauenden Mikroplattenformat-Assays wurden für die quantitative Bestimmung von Metoprolol- und Diclofenac-Aktivität in Kläranlagenab-läufen erfolgreich eingesetzt um die Relevanz und Eignung dieser Tests zum Abbilden von Wirkungen bei Freilandrelevanten aquatischen Organismen zu zeigen, wurden parallel Wirkuntersuchungen mit Fischen (Bachforellen und deren Eier), Krebstieren (Flohkrebsen, Daphnien), Schnecken und mit im Sediment lebenden Würmern durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen fanden (1) unter kontrollierten Laborbedingungen mit Einzelsubstanzen und binären Mischungen, (2) in aquatischen Mesokosmen (Fließrinnen) sowie im Freiland in einem Durchflusssystem, das vom Ablauf einer kommunalen Kläranlage gespeist war, statt. An den exponierten Organismen wurden sowohl populationsrelevante Endpunkte, wie Mortalität, Fruchtbarkeit oder Reproduktion, als auch Biomarker (Reaktionen von Stressproteinen und Parame-tern, die oxidativen Stress anzeigen sowie histologische Veränderungen) untersucht, die den Gesund-heitsstatus der Individuen abbilden. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Exposure determinants of cadmium in European mothers and their children
(2015)
The metal cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant with documented adverse effects on the kidneys and bones from long-term environmental exposure, but with insufficiently elucidated public health consequences such as risk of cardiovascular disease, hormone-related cancer in adults and developmental effects in children. This study is the first pan-European human biomonitoring project that succeeded in performing harmonized measurements of Cd in urine in a comparable way in mother-child couples from 16 European countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the overall Cd exposure and significant determinants of Cd exposure.
A study population of 1632 women (24-52 years of age), and 1689 children (5-12 years of age), from 32 rural and urban areas, was examined within a core period of 6 months in 2011-2012. Women were stratified as smokers and non-smokers. As expected, smoking mothers had higher geometric mean (gm) urinary cadmium (UCd; 0.24 Ţg/g crea; n=360) than non-smoking mothers (gm 0.18 Ţg/g crea; n=1272; p<0.0001), and children had lower UCd (gm 0.065 Ţg/g crea; n=1689) than their mothers at the country level. Non-smoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home had 14% (95% CI 1-28%) higher UCd than those who were not exposed to ETS at home (p=0.04). No influence of ETS at home or other places on UCd levels was detected in children. Smoking women with primary education as the highest educational level of the household had 48% (95% CI 18-86%) higher UCd than those with tertiary education (p=0.0008). The same observation was seen in non-smoking women and in children; however they were not statistically significant. In children, living in a rural area was associated with 7% (95% CI 1-13%) higher UCd (p=0.03) compared to living in an urban area. Children, 9-12 years had 7% (95% CI 1-13%) higher UCd (p=0.04) than children 5-8 years.
About 1% of the mothers, and 0.06% of the children, exceeded the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) appointed by EFSA, corresponding to 1.0 Ţg Cd/g crea in urine. Poland had the highest UCd in comparison between the 16 countries, while Denmark had the lowest. Whether the differences between countries are related to differences in the degree of environmental Cd contamination or to differences in lifestyle, socioeconomic status or dietary patterns is not clear.
Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.com
From theory to reality - Evaluation of suitable organisms and test systems for the biomonitoring of pharmaceuticals
(2014) Institut für Evolution und Ökologie (Tübingen). Abteilung Physiologische Ökologie der Tiere; Steinbeis-Transferzentrum für Ökotoxikologie und Ökophysiologie
In einer Literaturstudie mit dem Ziel, sensitive Organismen und organismische Endpunkte sowie geeignete in vitro-Testsysteme für ein Biomonitoring von Arzneimitteln zu identifizieren, wurde die bestehende Datenbank OEKOTOX um Wirkdaten für 90 Arzneimittel von hoher Priorität bis 2013 erweitert. Niedrigste Effektkonzentrationen wurden identifiziert und die jeweiligen Studien auf Reliabilität überprüft. Reliable MECmax/LOECmin-Werte >0.1 wurden für Diclofenac bei mehr als 3 Organismengruppen und für Propranolol, Sulfamethoxazol, Bezafibrat, 17 ß-Ethinlyestradiol, 17ß-Estradiol und Oxytetrazyclin bei 2 Organismengruppen identifiziert. Als reliabel sensitivste Organismen erwiesen sich Danio rerio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oryzias latipes, Elliptio complanata und Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Der sensitivste Wirkendpunkt waren Verhaltensänderungen. Des Weiteren wurden der Wissensstand zu in vitro-Verfahren zum Nachweis von Arzneimittel-Effekten sowie Vor- und Nachteile dieser biochemischen und zellbasierten Assays recherchiert. Auf dieser Basis wird für ein künftiges Biomonitoring von Arzneimitteln empfohlen, Wirkstoffklassenspezifische in vitro-Testsysteme für ß-Blocker und nichtsteroidale Analgetika zu entwickeln und deren Signale mit in vivo-Reaktionen o.g. sensitiver bzw. für deutsche Fließgewässer relevanter Organismen abzugleichen.
Quelle: Forschungsbericht
HBM4EU feasibility studies: Lessons learned in combining health and human biomonitoring studies
(2023) Elonheimo, Hanna; David, Madlen; Uusitalo, Karoliina; Moore, Sonja; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Background: The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU) is a joint program evaluating humans-exposure to several environmental substances and their potential health effects. One of the main objectives ofHBM4EU is to make use of human biomonitoring (HBM) to assess human exposure to chemicals in Europe tobetter understand the associated health impacts and to improve chemical risk assessment. In parallel to HBMstudies, health examination surveys (HESs), nutrition/dietary surveys, and disease specific health surveys areconducted in many European countries. In HESs, information collected by questionnaire(s) is supplemented withphysical examinations and analysis of clinical and biological biomarkers in biological samples. HBM and healthexamination survey (HES) use similar data collection methods and infrastructures hence the feasibility ofcombining these two is explored in this paper. Methods: Within HBM4EU, three feasibility studies (in Finland, Germany, and UK/England) were conducted toevaluate opportunities and obstacles of combining HBM and health studies. In this paper we report lessonslearned from these feasibility studies. Results: The Finnish feasibility study called KouBio-KUOPIO study was a new initiative without links to existingstudies. The German feasibility study added a HBM module to the first follow-up examination of the LIFE-Adult-Study, a population-based cohort study. The UK feasibility integrates a sustainable HBM module into the HealthSurvey for England (HSfE), an annual health examination survey. Benefits of combining HBM and HESs includethe use of shared infrastructures. Furthermore, participants can receive additional health information from HES,and participation rates tend to be higher due to the potential to obtain personal health information. Preparatoryphases including obtaining ethical approval can be time-consuming and complicated. Recruitment of participantsand low participation rates are common concerns in survey research and therefore designing user-friendly. 2022 The Authors
Hg isotopic composition of one-year-old spruce shoots: Application to long-term Hg atmospheric monitoring in Germany
(2021) Yamakawa, Akane; Amouroux, David; Fettig, Ina; Tessier, Emmanuel; Koschorreck, Jan
The Hg isotopic composition of 1-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) shoots collected from Saarland cornurbation Warndt, Germany, since 1985 by the German Environmental Specimen Bank, were measured for a better understanding of the temporal trends of Hg sources. The isotopic data showed that Hg was mainly taken up as gaseous element mercury (GEM) and underwent oxidation in the spruce needles; this led to a significant decrease in the Î´202Hg compared with the atmospheric Hg isotopic composition observed for deciduous leaves and epiphytic lichens. Observation of the odd mass-independent isotopic fractionation (MIF) indicated that ÎÌ199Hg and ÎÌ201Hg were close to but slightly lower than the actual values recorded from the atmospheric measurement of the GEM isotopic composition in non-contaminated sites in U.S. and Europe, whereas observation of the even-MIF indicated almost no differences for ÎÌ200Hg. This confirmed that GEM is a major source of Hg accumulation in spruce shoots. Interestingly, the Hg isotopic composition in the spruce shoots did not change very significantly during the study period of >30 years, even as the Hg concentration decreased significantly. Even-MIF (ÎÌ200Hg) and mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) (Î´202Hg) of the Hg isotopes exhibited slight decrease with time, whereas odd-MIF did not show any clear trend. These results suggest a close link between the long-term evolution of GEM isotopic composition in the air and the isotopic composition of bioaccumulated Hg altered by mass-dependent fraction in the spruce shoots. © 2021 The Authors
Integrating Exposure Modeling with Human Biomonitoring: Experiences from Health-related Environmental Monitoring in Germany
(2015) Conrad, André; Plaß, Dietrich; Tobollik, Myriam; Schulz, Christine; Seiwert, Margarete; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Rüther, Maria; Schwedler, Gerda; Rucic, Enrico; Wintermeyer, Dirk; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
Introduction:
The German health-related environmental monitoring program - consisting of the German Environmental Survey (GerES) and the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) - is also a key source for the German Exposure factors database (RefXP). Current GerES and ESB results and updated exposure factors in RefXP are combined for the analysis of environmental health topics. Methods GerES is a cross-sectional population study carried out repeatedly since 1985. GerES comprises human biomonitoring (HBM), indoor monitoring and interviews. On a yearly basis, the ESB collects human samples which are cryo-archived and analyzed for various pollutants. All 20-29 years old ESB participants report on their behaviors and anthropometrics. RefXP includes approx. 1,000 entries on exposure factors for the German population, e.g. body-weight, food consumption, and soil/dust ingestion.
Results:
GerES and RefXP data were used to estimate German childrens inhalative exposure to indoor air pollutants. For alpha-pinene the median estimate is 2.7, for xylene 1.4 ìg/(kg d). GerES interviews revealed substantial seasonal differences in ventilation behavior, indicating the need for separate exposure models for summer and winter. ESB data documents time trends in human exposures and in exposure influencing factors: Urinary mercury decreased from 0.6 in 1997 to 0.07 ìg/L in 2013. This can partly be explained by a decreasing fraction of participants with dental amalgam (1997: 83% vs. 2013: 10%).
Conclusions:
Combining data from GerES, ESB, and RefXP yields a more complete view on environmental exposures in the German population: Integrating HBM and exposure modelling provides comprehensive data on exposures, relevant exposure pathways, and information on the potential effect of policy measures aiming for improving environmental health. Acknowledgements GerES, ESB and RefXP are funded by the Federal Environment Ministry (BMUB). Further information: www.uba.de/geres, www.umweltprobenbank.de, www.uba.de/refxp
In: The International Societyof Exposure Science: 25th Annual Meeting: Exposures in an Evolving Environment; October 18 - 22, 2015 - Henderson, Nevada, S.151
Interpreting biomonitoring data: Introducing the international human biomonitoring (i-HBM) working group's health-based guidance value (HB2GV) dashboard
(2023) Nakayama, Shoji F.; Apel, Petra; St-Amand, Annie; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Pollock, Tyler; Murawski, Aline
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data measured in specific contexts or populations provide information for comparing population exposures. There are numerous health-based biomonitoring guidance values, but to locate these values, interested parties need to seek them out individually from publications, governmental reports, websites and other sources. Until now, there has been no central, international repository for this information. Thus, a tool is needed to help researchers, public health professionals, risk assessors, and regulatory decision makers to quickly locate relevant values on numerous environmental chemicals. A free, on-line repository for international health-based guidance values to facilitate the interpretation of HBM data is now available. The repository is referred to as the "Human Biomonitoring Health-Based Guidance Value (HB2GV) Dashboard". The Dashboard represents the efforts of the International Human Biomonitoring Working Group (i-HBM), affiliated with the International Society of Exposure Science. The i-HBM's mission is to promote the use of population-level HBM data to inform public health decision-making by developing harmonized resources to facilitate the interpretation of HBM data in a health-based context. This paper describes the methods used to compile the human biomonitoring health-based guidance values, how the values can be accessed and used, and caveats with using the Dashboard for interpreting HBM data. To our knowledge, the HB2GV Dashboard is the first open-access, curated database of HBM guidance values developed for use in interpreting HBM data. This new resource can assist global HBM data users such as risk assessors, risk managers and biomonitoring programs with a readily available compilation of guidance values. © 2022 Published by Elsevier GmbH
Levels and temporal trends of Trifluoroacetate (TFA) in archived plants: evidence for increasing emissions of gaseous TFA precursors over the last decades
(2022) Freeling, Finnian; Scheurer, Marco; Hoffmann, Gabriele; Koschorreck, Jan
Trifluoroacetate (TFA) is a highly mobile and persistent compound that occurs ubiquitously in the environment. Results from previous studies suggested an increase in the atmospheric deposition of TFA in the Northern Hemisphere starting in the 1990s. Due to its physicochemical properties, TFA can be efficiently taken up and accumulated by vascular plants. Consequently, plants could serve as a biomonitoring tool to evaluate the presence of TFA in the terrestrial environment. This is the first study which describes the concentrations and temporal trends of TFA in biota by analyzing archived leaf samples of various tree species from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (observation period: 1989-2020). Samples from different locations of the same species were each in a similar concentration range. The highest concentrations (up to ca. 1000 mikrog/kg dry weight) were found in Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra "Italica") leaves. A statistically significant positive trend in the TFA concentration within the study period was found for most species/sites, which is likely the result of both bioaccumulation as well as increasing emissions of gaseous TFA precursors over the last three decades. These results contribute to the current discussion on the regulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to protect human and environmental health. Quelle: www.pubs.acs.org