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Veröffentlichung Integrating Exposure Modeling with Human Biomonitoring: Experiences from Health-related Environmental Monitoring in Germany(2015) Conrad, André; Plaß, Dietrich; Tobollik, Myriam; Schulz, Christine; Seiwert, Margarete; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Rüther, Maria; Schwedler, Gerda; Rucic, Enrico; Wintermeyer, Dirk; Kolossa-Gehring, MarikeIntroduction:
The German health-related environmental monitoring program - consisting of the German Environmental Survey (GerES) and the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) - is also a key source for the German Exposure factors database (RefXP). Current GerES and ESB results and updated exposure factors in RefXP are combined for the analysis of environmental health topics. Methods GerES is a cross-sectional population study carried out repeatedly since 1985. GerES comprises human biomonitoring (HBM), indoor monitoring and interviews. On a yearly basis, the ESB collects human samples which are cryo-archived and analyzed for various pollutants. All 20-29 years old ESB participants report on their behaviors and anthropometrics. RefXP includes approx. 1,000 entries on exposure factors for the German population, e.g. body-weight, food consumption, and soil/dust ingestion.
Results:
GerES and RefXP data were used to estimate German childrens inhalative exposure to indoor air pollutants. For alpha-pinene the median estimate is 2.7, for xylene 1.4 ìg/(kg d). GerES interviews revealed substantial seasonal differences in ventilation behavior, indicating the need for separate exposure models for summer and winter. ESB data documents time trends in human exposures and in exposure influencing factors: Urinary mercury decreased from 0.6 in 1997 to 0.07 ìg/L in 2013. This can partly be explained by a decreasing fraction of participants with dental amalgam (1997: 83% vs. 2013: 10%).
Conclusions:
Combining data from GerES, ESB, and RefXP yields a more complete view on environmental exposures in the German population: Integrating HBM and exposure modelling provides comprehensive data on exposures, relevant exposure pathways, and information on the potential effect of policy measures aiming for improving environmental health. Acknowledgements GerES, ESB and RefXP are funded by the Federal Environment Ministry (BMUB). Further information: www.uba.de/geres, www.umweltprobenbank.de, www.uba.de/refxp
In: The International Societyof Exposure Science: 25th Annual Meeting: Exposures in an Evolving Environment; October 18 - 22, 2015 - Henderson, Nevada, S.151Veröffentlichung New biomarkers for DPHP, 2-MBT and MDI(2015) Gries, Wolfgang; Leng, Gabriele; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Fiddicke, Ulrike1. Analytical determination of specific 4,4- Methylenediphenyl-diisocyanate (MDI) hemoglobin adducts: MDI is one of the most important isocyanates in the industrial production of polyurethane and other MDI based synthetics. Because of its reactivity it builds adducts with proteins. Analysis of MDI is routinely done by determination of 4,4-methylene dianiline as marker for MDI exposure in urine and blood. This procedure does not allow distinguishing between the source of exposure; MDA or MDI. This method was developed to detect the MDI specific hemoglobin adduct 5-isopropyl-3[4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl] hydantoin in human blood.
2. Analytical method for the selective determination of major Di-(2-propylheptyl)-phthalate (DPHP) metabolites in human urine: DPHP is a specific phthalic acid ester of isomeric C10 alcohols and is marketed as plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride . The object of this method development is the sensitive and selective determination of the three major DPHP metabolites mono-2-(propyl-6-hydroxy-heptyl)-phthalate, mono-2-(propyl-6-oxoheptyl)-phthalate and mono-2-(propyl-6-carboxy-hexyl)-phthalate in human urine among those originating from DIDP or DINP. Values up to 3.8 ìg/L OH-MPHP were detected in 51 urines of children during the "Pilot Phase of the 5th German Environmental Survey-Part 1Ł.
3. Rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS determination of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) in human urine: MBT is one of the most important vulcanization accelerators in the industrial production of rubber. Incorporated MBT is excreted in urine mainly as conjugates. A method was developed to determine the internal MBT dose in human urine. Total MBT is measured after enzymatic hydrolysis followed by application of high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. In the "Pilot Phase of the 5th German Environmental Survey-Part 1Ł MBT vThe International Societyof Exposure Science: 25th Annual Meeting: Exposures in an Evolving Environment; October 18 - 22, 2015 - Henderson, Nevada, S. alues up to 5.95 ìg/L were analyzed in 51 urines of children.
In: The International Societyof Exposure Science: 25th Annual Meeting: Exposures in an Evolving Environment; October 18 - 22, 2015 - Henderson, Nevada, S.137Veröffentlichung Sharing experiences from human biomonitoring studies and programs in Germany and Europe(2015) Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Apel, Petra; Fiddicke, Ulrike; Schwedler, Gerda; Conrad, AndréThe Health Research Framework Program of the German Federal Government identifies birth cohorts as the instrument of choice to elucidate relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals, well-being of infants and children, and health in later life. But even large scale birth cohorts can for practical reasons - sample collection, burden of participants, and costs - not cover all issues of concern. Therefore, integrating experiences from other national and international studies is necessary for setting priorities in the study design, e.g. selection of chemicals to be analyzed. Lessons learned from German and European HBM studies and programs may support this process: 1) Focusing on health relevance and potential exposure of the general population, the scientific agencies in charge of chemical safety in Germany have identified emerging chemicals and assigned high priority to them for being analyzed in population studies. 2) Observed links between chemicals (e.g. fragrances) and health effects in cross-sectional studies further predestine compounds for evaluation in cohort studies. 3) Availability of assessment values is also important when choosing biomarkers: UBAs Human Biomonitoring Commission has derived 6 new toxicologically based HBM values to assess internal exposures. First HBM data on the solvents N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-pyrrolidone and the new plasticizer Hexamoll® DINCH and di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP) show that exposures are well below the specific HBM-I-values. 4) Options for combining data from several international studies may be another reason for decisions on study design. For joint data assessment, transfer of (individual) data and exchange of samples, ethical and data protection standards have to be considered. Experiences from the German Environmental Survey (GerES), the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) and the European HBM project COPHES help solving these issues also in birth cohorts.Quelle: 25th annual meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES). 18-22 October 2015. Henderson-Nevada USA. URL: http://www.ises2015.org/. We-S-B1-02.S. 179.