Auflistung nach Autor:in "Mielke, Christian"

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 6 von 6

All Sensors on the Environment
(2022) Mielke, Christian; Hausmann, Kevin; Günther, Dirk
Can TROPOMI-NO2 satellite data be used to track the drop and resurgence of NOx emissions between 2019-2021 using the multi-source plume method (MSPM)?
(2022) Dammers, Enrico; Tokaya, Janot; Mielke, Christian; Hausmann, Kevin
Nitrogen dioxide (NOx) is an important primary air pollutant, dominantly produced by anthropogenic, mostly combustion based, activities from sectors such as industry, traffic and transport. NOx is directly linked to negative health and environmental impacts. Currently, the construction of emission inventories to keep track of NOx emissions is based on official national reported emissions and proxies such as activity data as well as direct measurements. The effort to properly construct an accurate inventory is significant and time consuming which causes a reporting offset between one and five years with respect to the current date. Next to this temporal lag difficulties in composed inventories can arise from legislative and protocol differences between countries and over time in reporting of emissions. Satellite based atmospheric composition measurements provide a unique opportunity to fill this gap and independently estimate emissions on a large scale in a consistent, transparent and comprehensible way. They give the possibility to check for compliance with emission reduction targets in a timely manner as well as to observe rapid emission reductions such as experienced during the COVID-19 lock-downs. In this study we apply a consistent methodology to derive NOx emissions over Germany for the years of 2019-2021. For the years where reporting is available differences between satellite estimates and inventory totals were within 100 kt. The large reduction of NOx emissions related to the COVID-19 lock-downs were observed in both the inventory and satellite derived emissions. The recent projections for the inventory emissions pointed to a recovery of the emissions towards pre-COVID19 levels this increase was not observed. While emissions from the larger power-plants did rebound to earlier levels, others sectors such as road transport and shipping did not and could be linked to a reduction in the number of heavier transport trucks. This again illustrates the value of having a consistent satellite based methodology for faster projections to guide and check the conventional emission inventory reporting. The method described in this manuscript also meet the demand for independent verification of the official emission inventories, which will enable inventory compilers to detect potentially problematic reporting issues. Transparency and comparability, two key values for emission reporting, are thus bolstered by this technique. © Author(s) 2022
German Informative Inventory Report 2023
(Umweltbundesamt, 2023) Hausmann, Kevin; Böttcher, Christian; Butz, Wolfgang; Günther, Dirk; Feigenspan, Stefan; Mielke, Christian; Gniffke, Patrick; Schiller, Stephan; Gromke, Ulrich; Kludt, Robert; Hermann, Tim; Juhrich, Kristina; Kessler, Kai; Zheng, Jiexia; Lehmann, Christian; Döring, Ulrike; Plickert, Sebastian; Reichart, Almut; Reichel, Jens; Kotzulla, Michael; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
The Informative Inventory Report (IIR) is providing complementary information to Germany's air pollution inventories under the Geneva Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE/CLRTAP) as well as the EU's National Emission Ceiling Directive (NECD). Germany's air pollution inventory includes emission data in consistent time-series ranging from 1990 (1995 for PM10, PM2.5 and 2000 for Black Carbon) to the latest reported year (2 years back) for nine air pollutants and priority heavy metals & persistent organic pollutants (POP). This report includes a comprehensive analysis of the inventory data, descriptions of methods, data sources, and carried out QA/QC activities. It follows the outline established by the latest guidelines for estimating and reporting of emission data and all data presented in this report were compiled according to those same guidelines. Quelle: Bericht
Satellite-based emission verification
(Umweltbundesamt, 2023) Dammers, Enrico; Tokaya, Janot; Timmermans, Renske M.A.; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Mielke, Christian; Hausmann, Kevin
Satellites that measure the chemical composition of the atmosphere are becoming more accurate and numerous, providing a unique opportunity to independently monitor emissions for large geographical regions in a consistent way. This report elaborates the development of a software tool which is able to process satellite observation data and estimate NOx emissions from it for a pre-defined area. The tool is fully operational for processing satellite observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The tool is modular in design with the capability in mind to digest satellite data from various satellites and for pollutants. It is furthermore designed to be relatively simple and operates without a dependence on complicated and computationally demanding atmospheric models. The methods for satellite based emission estimation can complement data from emission inventories by incorporating independent measurement techniques into the reporting scheme. This would help to identify room for improvement in the compilation of inventories as well as boost the transparency and confidence in the reported data. Quelle: umweltbundesamt.de
Space-based earth observation in support of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement
(2022) Hegglin, Michaela I.; Bastos, Ana; Bovensmann, Heinrich; Mielke, Christian
Space-based Earth observation (EO), in the form of long-term climate data records, has been crucial in the monitoring and quantification of slow changes in the climate system - from accumulating greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, increasing surface temperatures, and melting sea-ice, glaciers and ice sheets, to rising sea-level. In addition to documenting a changing climate, EO is needed for effective policy making, implementation and monitoring, and ultimately to measure progress and achievements towards the overarching goals of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris Agreement to combat climate change. The best approach for translating EO into actionable information for policymakers and other stakeholders is, however, far from clear. For example, climate change is now self-evident through increasingly intense and frequent extreme events - heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, and flooding - costing human lives and significant economic damage, even though single events do not constitute "climate". EO can capture and visualize the impacts of such events in single images, and thus help quantify and ultimately manage them within the framework of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement, both at the national level (via the Enhanced Transparency Framework) and global level (via the Global Stocktake). We present a transdisciplinary perspective, across policy and science, and also theory and practice, that sheds light on the potential of EO to inform mitigation, including sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, and adaptation, including loss and damage. Yet to be successful with this new mandate, EO science must undergo a radical overhaul: it must become more user-oriented, collaborative, and transdisciplinary; span the range from fiducial to contextual data; and embrace new technologies for data analysis (e.g., artificial intelligence). Only this will allow the creation of the knowledge base and actionable climate information needed to guide the UNFCCC Paris Agreement to a just and equitable success.
Unterschätztes Treibhausgas Methan
(Umweltbundesamt, 2022) Appelhans, Johanna; Böttcher, Christian; Kessler, Kai; Mielke, Christian; Nowack, Anja; Purr, Katja; Schwetje, Anja; Sorg, Diana; Tambke, Jens
Methan ist nach Kohlendioxid das zweitwichtigste Treibhausgas. Daneben ist Methan ein wichtiger Vorläuferstoff für die Bildung von bodennahem Ozon. Ozon ist mit negativen Gesundheitseffekten verbunden und schädigt Ökosysteme und Nutzpflanzen. Eine Minderung der Methanemissionen trägt also sowohl zum Klimaschutz als auch zum Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit und zum Schutz von Ökosystemen bei. Es ist daher wichtig, in den kommenden Jahren weltweit eine Minderung der Methanemissionen anzustoßen und weiter voranzubringen. Seit einigen Jahren gibt es sowohl auf internationaler als auch auf europäischer Ebene Bestrebungen, die Methanemissionen deutlich zu senken und konkrete Minderungsziele festzulegen. Trotz der angestoßenen Initiativen zur Methanminderung ist jedoch vielen Menschen noch nicht bewusst, wie notwendig eine Reduzierung der CH4-Emissionen ist und welchen Nutzen sie bringen kann. Das Positionspapier des Umweltbundesamtes informiert über die Wirkungen und die wichtigsten Emissionsquellen von Methan und zeigt konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen und Maßnahmen zur Methanreduktion auf nationaler Ebene und weltweit auf. Das UBA-Papier richtet sich vor allem an politische Entscheidungsträger*innen. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de