Auflistung nach Autor:in "Hund-Rinke, Kerstin"
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Veröffentlichung Betrachtungen zum Zusammenhang von physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften und aquatischer Ökotoxizität bei Nanomaterialien mit dem Ziel einer Gruppierung(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Nickel, Carmen; Kühnel, Dana; Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie; Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik (Duisburg); Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Völker, DorisProjektziel war die Entwicklung eines Konzeptes, um Nanomaterialien (NM) hinsichtlich ihrer Ökotoxizitat für Algen, Daphnien, und den Fischembryo zu gruppieren. Dabei wurden fünf Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen: (i) Auswahl von insgesamt 14 NM, die sich auf die Materialtypen Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, und Cu aufteilten; (ii) umfassende physikalischĄ-chemische Charakterisierung aller Materialien in Wasser und den drei Testmedien; (iii) Entwicklung von Hypothesen zur erwarteten Ökotoxizitat; (iv) ökotoxikologische Testung aller NM in den drei ausgewählten Testsystemen; (v) Erprobung verschiedener Gruppierungsänsatze auf Basis der physikalischĄ-chemischen Parameter (PCParameter), die als relevant für die aquatische Ökotoxizitat identifiziert worden waren. Als relevant wurden Morphologie, Stabilität (Ionenfreisetzung, Kristallstruktur) und die Ökotoxizitat der chemischen Verbindung identifiziert und darauf basierend ein Schema zur Gruppierung vorgeschlagen. Es ist jedoch nicht auszuschließen, dass weitere Parameter zu berücksichtigen sind. Es zeigte sich weiterhin, dass keine sinnvolle Gruppierungshypothese auf einem einzelnen PCĄ-Parameter beruhen kann. Für eine sinnvolle Gruppierung ist ein Set von Parametern notwendig. Um das vorgeschlagene Gruppierungskonzept im Hinblick auf die regulatorische Anwendung zukünftig weiterzuentwickeln sind folgende Aspekte zu berücksichtigen: (i) gezielte Berücksichtigung von Oberflächenmodifikationen, die bewusst bei dem Projekt ausgeschlossen worden waren; (ii) Ersatz des Fischembryotests aufgrund seiner geringen Sensitivität; (iii) Anpassung der Methoden zur Bestimmung der Oberflächenreaktivitat, da keine Übereinstimmung zwischen den entsprechenden Messwerten und der Ökotoxizitat ermittelt wurde; (iv) die Kinetik ausgewählter PCĄ-Parameter (Agglomerationsverhalten; ZetaĄ-Potential, Reaktivität, Löslichkeit) im Test. Ferner wird eine größere Anzahl an ECĄ-Werten benötigt, um die Aussagekraft der Statistik zu erhöhen. Quelle: ForschungsberichtVeröffentlichung Considerations about the relationship of nanomaterial´s physical-chemical properties and aquatic toxicity for the purpose of grouping(Umweltbundesamt, 2017) Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Nickel, Carmen; Kühnel, Dana; Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie; Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik (Duisburg); Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Völker, DorisProjektziel war die Entwicklung eines Konzeptes, um Nanomaterialien (NM) hinsichtlich ihrer Ökotoxizitat für Algen, Daphnien, und den Fischembryo zu gruppieren. Dabei wurden fünf Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen: (i) Auswahl von insgesamt 14 NM, die sich auf die Materialtypen Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, und Cu aufteilten; (ii) umfassende physikalischĄ-chemische Charakterisierung aller Materialien in Wasser und den drei Testmedien; (iii) Entwicklung von Hypothesen zur erwarteten Ökotoxizitat; (iv) ökotoxikologische Testung aller NM in den drei ausgewählten Testsystemen; (v) Erprobung verschiedener Gruppierungsänsatze auf Basis der physikalischĄ-chemischen Parameter (PCParameter), die als relevant für die aquatische Ökotoxizitat identifiziert worden waren. Als relevant wurden Morphologie, Stabilität (Ionenfreisetzung, Kristallstruktur) und die Ökotoxizitat der chemischen Verbindung identifiziert und darauf basierend ein Schema zur Gruppierung vorgeschlagen. Es ist jedoch nicht auszuschließen, dass weitere Parameter zu berücksichtigen sind. Es zeigte sich weiterhin, dass keine sinnvolle Gruppierungshypothese auf einem einzelnen PCĄ-Parameter beruhen kann. Für eine sinnvolle Gruppierung ist ein Set von Parametern notwendig. Um das vorgeschlagene Gruppierungskonzept im Hinblick auf die regulatorische Anwendung zukünftig weiterzuentwickeln sind folgende Aspekte zu berücksichtigen: (i) gezielte Berücksichtigung von Oberflächenmodifikationen, die bewusst bei dem Projekt ausgeschlossen worden waren; (ii) Ersatz des Fischembryotests aufgrund seiner geringen Sensitivität; (iii) Anpassung der Methoden zur Bestimmung der Oberflächenreaktivitat, da keine Übereinstimmung zwischen den entsprechenden Messwerten und der Ökotoxizitat ermittelt wurde; (iv) die Kinetik ausgewählter PCĄ-Parameter (Agglomerationsverhalten; ZetaĄ-Potential, Reaktivität, Löslichkeit) im Test. Ferner wird eine größere Anzahl an ECĄ-Werten benötigt, um die Aussagekraft der Statistik zu erhöhen. Quelle: ForschungsberichtVeröffentlichung Grouping of nanomaterials regarding their ecotoxicity(2017) Kühnel, Dana; Zalm, Esther van der; Kussatz, Carola; Schwirn, Kathrin; Hund-Rinke, KerstinGiven the numerous manufactured nanomaterials (NM) already on the market and expected in future, the effort for the individual investigation and assessment would be enormous. Therefore, it is necessary to develop approaches that allow an adequate hazard assessment of NM while avoiding individual testing of a large number of the different forms. Approaches to meet data requirements in deviation from performing standard test requirements are already established for chemical substances. One of these is the grouping and read-across/analogue approach. In comparison to soluble organic substances, nanomaterials of the same chemical substance differ in their physicochemical parameters (e.g. surface chemistry, size, shape) and can potentially differ in their hazard profiles. But also fate related physicochemical properties which are influenced by surrounding conditions, like dispersion stability or dissolution rate, influence bioavailability and effects of NM. Annotation of NM to specific hazard groups or read-across based on their physical-chemical (PC) properties will be a great advantage to reduce the amount of testing necessary for an adequate risk assessment. To identify PC properties which are relevant predictors for ecotoxicity, a literature research was performed. It was found that sparsely or non-soluble, and ion-releasing NM need to be considered differently. We have found that ecotoxicity correlates with more than one PC characteristic. Based on this finding the tool ECOTOX BOND was developed. ECOTOX BOND was tested for robustness with experimental data on eight NM in 23 modifications. The predicted and measured ecotoxicity of the NM tested mostly fit, but the ecotoxicity of green algae for TiO2, CeO2 and Fe2O3 is higher than predicted. This effect could be caused by shading and is investigated in more detail. Quelle: Poster abstactsVeröffentlichung Grouping of nanomaterials regarding their ecotoxicity - are hypotheses based on literature data robust enough?(2017) Kühnel, Dana; Zalm, Esther van der; Kussatz, Carola; Schwirn, Kathrin; Hund-Rinke, KerstinNanomaterials (NM) offer a great innovation potential and are assumed to be beneficial to mankind and the environment by e.g. reducing material usage and energy consumption. However, the large variety of synthetic nanomaterials represents a major challenge for scientists and regulators in terms of measuring and assessing the potential hazard caused by the materials and the products over the whole life-cycle. Currently, the assessment of potential hazards posed by NM towards environmental organisms is assessed on a case-by-case basis, which is considered as not practicable to be performed for the many different variations of NM, which involve differences in composition, size, shape, crystalline structure and surface modifications. In order to overcome the need for extensive testing grouping and read across approaches for NM are discussed, enabling risk assessors to predict the hazard of an NM based on existing knowledge on similar NMs. This requires the identification of relationships between nanomaterials̷ physicochemical properties and their ecotoxicological behavior. To gain knowledge on this relationship, we performed an extensive literature research taking into account ecotoxicological studies either involving several organisms and / or several modifications of the same type of NM. This allowed us to reveal parameters crucial for the emergence of specific ecotoxicological effects. The set of parameters identified as relevant included the surface properties (charge, zeta potential, surface modifications), the size and shape of a NM, and the release of ions. Based on these findings, a test set of NM, involving in most cases several subtypes of a given NM was compiled, which underwent testing in the ecotoxicological relevant aquatic (algae, daphnia and zebrafish embryo) and terrestrial organisms (earth worm, microorganisms). Subsequently, the initial grouping hypotheses were compared to the actual results obtained in the tests in order to verify or falsify initial grouping hypotheses. Even though several predictions could not be confirmed, a first evaluation of results shows that inert and ion-releasing NM needs to be considered differently. Acknowledgement - Funding of the project nanoGRAVUR by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Grant No. 03XP0002 is acknowledged. Quelle: http://www.ime.fraunhofer.de/Veröffentlichung Grouping/ranking of nanomaterials regarding environmental risk(2017) Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Nickel, Carmen; Kühnel, Dana; Zalm, Esther van derVeröffentlichung Grouping/Read Across approaches to reduce the testing of nanomaterials regarding their environmental hazard(2017) Kühnel, Dana; Kussatz, Carola; Zalm, Esther van der; Schwirn, Kathrin; Völker, Doris; Hund-Rinke, KerstinNanomaterials (NM) offer a great innovation potential and are assumed to be beneficial to mankind and the environment by e.g. reducing material usage and energy consumption. However, the large variety of synthetic nanomaterials represents a major challenge for scientists and regulators in terms of measuring and assessing the potential hazard caused by the materials and the products over the whole life-cycle. Currently, the assessment of potential hazards posed by NM towards environmental organisms is performed on a case-by-case basis, which is considered as not practicable for the many different variations of NM, which involve differences in composition, size, shape, crystalline structure and surface modifications. In order to overcome the need for extensive testing, grouping and read across approaches for NM are considered helpful. The prediction of NM hazard based on existing knowledge requires the identification of relationships between nanomaterials̷ physicochemical properties and their ecotoxicological behavior. To gain knowledge on this relationship, we used several approaches involving extensive literature research, the formulation of grouping hypotheses based on physical-chemical parameters, as well as systematic toxicity testing. For the latter purpose, a test set of NM was compiled, involving in most cases several subtypes of a given nanoscaled substance, which differed in the parameter considered as driver for a specific effect. The NM test set underwent testing in the ecotoxicological relevant aquatic (algae, daphnia and zebrafish embryo) and terrestrial organisms (earth worm, microorganisms). All organism tests were conducted according to OECD guidelines under consideration of NM-specific modifications. The NM selected for testing were extensively characterized regarding their properties and their behavior in the respective ecotoxicological test media. The talk will provide an overview on the most crucial results obtained so far. Basically it became obvious that an identification of groups consisting of NM with comparable ecotoxicity based on literature data is of limited value, because of fragmented reporting on nanomaterials̷ physical-chemical properties, the application of different methods to characterize the NM as well as a high variability in the applied test procedures. Further, as the systematic testing showed, there are no mono-causal relationships between one physical-chemical parameter and an ecotoxic effect. Our current proposal for a qualitative grouping scheme therefore considers various parameters. The reliability of the grouping scheme was tested by applying it to a further data set not used for the development of the scheme. It became obvious that not all NM exerting a comparable ecotoxicity grouped into the same group and accordingly, further parameters beyond the ones already considered in the grouping scheme need to be taken into account. Hence, in order to facilitate grouping with focus on environmental effects, further steps need to be taken. Quelle: Platform presentations - AbstractsVeröffentlichung Integrative test strategy for the environmental assessment of nanomaterials(2015) Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Herrchen, Monika; Schlich, Karsten; Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtCurrently there are no testing and assessment strategies for environmental fate and effects taking the specific properties and behaviour of engineered nanomaterials into account. Therefore, the project objective was to develop a strategy for the investigation of ecotoxicity and environmental fate that allows the consideration of nano-specific effects within the environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials. For the development of the test strategy, both the results of "classic" assessment as well as those of recognized non-standardized endpoints were taken into account. For this analysis environmental fate and effects were addressed separately. Furthermore, the discussions of national and international level, e.g. the conclusions of the expert meeting on Ecotoxicology and Environmental fate of the OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials were taken into account. The test strategy considers various levels of test complexity as they are to be used in a tiered risk assessment scheme on the basis of a full life-cycle assessment. For the environmental risk assessment approach, the use of mathematical models and trigger values to either stop the procedure or proceed to the next tier is included. The presented test strategy features an overarching approach to test and assess fate and effects of NM while considering the specific challenges when investigating the potential environmental impact of NM.
Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/Veröffentlichung Investigation of widely used nanomaterials (TiO2, Ag) and gold nanoparticles in standardized ecotoxicological tests(2013) Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Klawonn, Thorsten; Fraunhofer-Institut für Molekularbiologie und Angewandte Oekologie; Deutschland. UmweltbundesamtAt the nanoscale level, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials differ in fundamental, and often valuable, ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules, or bulk matter. Research and development in nanotechnology is directed towards creating im-proved materials, devices, and systems that exploit the new properties. The specific properties of nanoparticles proved to be very useful for an increasing number of commercial applications, such as protective coatings, light-weight materials or self-cleaning clothing, for example.Veröffentlichung Überprüfung von Gruppierungshypothesen zur ökotoxikologischen Wirkung von NM(2017) Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Zalm, Esther van der; Schwirn, Kathrin; Kussatz, Carola; Kühnel, D.