Auflistung nach Autor:in "Brühl, Carsten A."

Gerade angezeigt 1 - 3 von 3

Biodiversitätsflächen zur Minderung der Umweltauswirkungen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln
(2018) Hötker, Hermann; Brühl, Carsten A.; Buhk, Constanze; Michael-Otto-Institut im NABU; ecocoGBR (Bad Bergzabern); Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt; Matezki, Steffen; Swarowsky, Klaus
Die ⁠Biodiversität⁠ im Agrarbereich ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten stark zurückgegangen. Unerwünschte Nahrungsnetzeffekte von Pflanzenschutzmitteln (PSM) tragen dazu bei. Eine Verringerung dieser Auswirkungen ist möglich, indem der Einsatz biodiversitätsschädigender PSM mit der Zulassung unter den Vorbehalt gestellt wird, dass ein ausreichender Anteil an unbehandelten Biodiversitätsflächen (im Gutachten als Kompensationsflächen bezeichnet) vorhanden ist. Das Gutachten bewertet den Bedarf an solchen Flächen, die ökologische Wertigkeit verschiedener Flächentypen und deren Einbettung in Agrarumweltprogramme. Die Autoren schlagen ein flexibles Punktesystem für die Ermittlung und Anerkennung der vorhandenen Biodiversitätsflächen vor.
Protection of terrestrial non-target plant species in the regulation of environmental risks of pesticides
(2015) Schmitz, Juliane; Stahlschmidt, Peter; Brühl, Carsten A.; ecoco GBR consultants for the environment; Deutschland. Umweltbundesamt
Before a plant protection product is approved for placement on the market, an assessment of the overall acceptability of negative effects on non-target species in arable land and adjacent areas has to be performed according to European guidelines. The guideline for the risk assessment of non-target terrestrial plants (NTTP) is currently revised by the European Food Safety authority (EFSA) to integrate the current state of scientific knowledge and the new requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 to protect biodiversity. In the view of this revision, this report has been conducted to evaluate the actual scientific state of knowledge on effect- and risk assessment for non-target terrestrial plants and to recommend amendments of the current practice in testing and subsequent risk assessment of NTTP. The authors conclude that fundamental issues like the representativeness of the species tested (mostly crop species) and the ecotoxicological endpoints currently used (growth effects in juveniles) are associated with a high degree of uncertainty. These uncertainties must be taken into account in the risk assessment to ensure an adequate level of protection. Also, the analysis of data available would indicate, among other things, that the current risk assessment, limited to growth effects, might not be sufficient to ensure protection of non-target terrestrial plants. Therefore, as a simple risk management measure for PPP causing negative effects on NTTP communities, the authors propose to implement an obligatory in-field no-spray buffer zone, notably without herbicide application. Furthermore, the authors stress the importance of wild arable plants as natural life-support system for many other arable species. They highlight the key position of NTTP in the food chain with birds and mammals on the top. Based on their own research, the authors show indirect effects that PPP, such as herbicides, can have on food availability in agricultural landscapes. In the authors opinion further applied research is needed to implement all this present information into a scheme for risk assessment and risk management which adequately protects biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, as well as ecosystem services based thereupon.
Quelle: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/
The importance of field margins and meadows for land snails
(2013) Swarowsky, Klaus; Brühl, Carsten A.; Stahlschmidt, Peter
Field margins and meadows are valuable habitats for many species in agricultural landscapes but so far there are no comprehensive studies that address their value for land snails, which are an important part of terrestrial biodiversity.Even though the population trends of 74.6 % of the German land snail species that also should inhabit cultivatedland according to their ecological preferences are decreasing, it has never been investigated what value differentagricultural landscapeelements could have for this group. Therefore, we sampled and compared the land snail faunabetween field margins of different width and in-field areas of conventionally managed apple orchards, vineyards andcereal fields as well as between agricultural habitats and meadows to investigate their respective value for land snailbiodiversity in the agricultural landscape.In total we collected 20 different land snail species mostly typical of an open landscape representing ca. 16 % ofthe land snail fauna in Germany. In meadows species richness was higher than in all crop fields and margins exceptfor vineyard margins and wide cereal field margins and furthermore the typically occurring species differed considerablyfrom those in agricultural habitats. Our results did not indicate differences in land snail species richness,abundance or species composition between apple orchard in-field areas and field margins. In vineyardsand cerealfields, species richness was higher in margins than in-field and the red-list species Truncatellina cylindrica (Férussac,1807) was exclusively typical in wide margins of both crops. Land snail abundance and/or species richness increasedwith decreasing agricultural intensity.Quelle: Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv : unter Foerderung des Minist. fuer Unterricht und Kultus u. der Stadt Mainz in Verb. mit dem Inst. fuer Bio- und Geowissenschaften der Univ. Mainz - (2013), H. 50, S. 291-300.